By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Depending on your chosen field, you may be asked to submit work samples at some point during the hiring process. The collection of examples of your work product is often called a portfolio. The content of your portfolio will vary depending on your goals, your industry, and the type of roles for which you are applying. 

Earlier in my career, I had my "me book" that I woudl bring with me when I had in-person job interviews. It was a three ring binder the included neatly organized printed samples of my previous work. I did not give this to a hiring manager, but I would do a brief show and tell and explain each document. In addition, I also included a copy of my resume, certificates from classes I had taken and certifications I had achieved, and transcripts from college and graduate school.

When I attended and interview with a hiring manager or potential coworkers, often someone would ask if I happend to bring any work samples with me. I would often walk them through one or more of my work samples, described the design decisions involved in its creation, and told them the story of how I solved a work problem and how that work sample fit in.

Now, typically a portfolio is expected to be available online. You should have a link that you can share with a potential employer. In some cases, employer may review your work samples later on in the hiring process. Many times, employers may ask for a portfolio link during the application process. Depending on the role and organization, companies may even not consider applications for some jobs which do not include a portfolio link. 

When it comes to determining what to include in your portfolio, it comes down to your overall goals. At it's most basic, you need to make sure you include samples of your work that align with the tasks and projects included in the jobs you would like to do. Here are a few examples:

• If you are a web designer, you may include a brief description of three websites designed, unique featurs of each, and URLs for each of those sites.
  
  
• If you are an eLearning developer, you may include a few examples of eLearning courses you created leveraging different technologies and topics. Perhaps you would would share a Rise course on a new process, a video on customer service skills, and an online assessment on an industry-specific compliance topic.
  
  
• If you are a software trainer, you may share a webinar recording of you facilitating a software training session, a video where you did the voiceover and were on-camera, and a job aid you made including tips and tricks.

Overall, you need to figure out what skills are required, and show examples of how you have done that type of work in the past. 

Your overall goals for your portfolio will help you determine what to include. Depending on what skillset you are trying to demonstrate, here are just a few of many possible focus areas for someone who is an instructional designer:
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• Show skill mastery. Include lessons from eLearning modules created in the same technology, but demonstrating different features and how they can be used for varying types of content like compliance, customer service, delivering presentations, and completing a process.
  
  
• Show range. Include a video, an eLearning module, a job aid, a quick reference guide, and a facilitator guide created to support a team responsibile for customer-facing new product training. 
  
  
• Show a project: Show the process and materials created to do initial training needs assessment, course design, creating course materials, facilitating learning, and results. 

None of these examples is right or wrong. Instead these are alternate approaches you might want to take to support your overall professional goals. 

What skills do you want to showcase in a portfolio? What skills and work examples might you include? What approach might you take to organizing your portfolio? Share your thoughts in the comments. 

By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

When searching for a job, one challenge is figuring out what work arrangements a given employer has in mind. Since 2020, companies in the United States often label their open positions as onsite, hybrid, or remote. Even with those labels, job seekers and individual employers are still not always aligned on what exactly that means. 

​Let's look at some of the factors in play. 

For a job labeled as "remote," their expectations could be any of the following:
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• The candidate lives in the United States and can work from anywhere.
• The candidate lives in the United States and must work from their home.
• The candidate lives within a specific list of states where the potential employer is set up to conduct business.
• The candidate lives within a specific time zone.
• The candidate is willing to work hours in a specified time zone.
• The candidate lives within a specified distance from one of the company's physical office locations.
• The candidate lives in the metropolitan area of the company's headquarters.
• The company is "remote first" with no physical office location.
• The company is "remote-friendly," meaning there may be the option to work in an office location, a designated shared space, or fully remote.
• The company is "open to remote" and may consider a candidate who does not work in their office location.

Regardless of the label, each role may work differently in practice. Here are a few of the many possible scenarios:

• A company may label a job as remote, then later in the job description mention preferences for being onsite.
• A company may label a job as hybrid when it could more accurately be described as remote with some travel to the corporate office.
• A company may label a job as onsite or hybrid, and in the body of the job description, explain that they are also open to remote.
• A company may label a job hybrid, expecting people to be onsite (in the office) anywhere from never to 4 days per week. 
• A company may have an unstated preference for the location of employees.
• A company may not be clear about their ongoing thoughts on having workers return to the office or the timeline for that change.
• Many companies label roles as remote but do not clarify additional details about arrangements (which states, preferences for specific geographical locations).
• Companies may decide on a case by case basis where they prefer employees to be located or if they will be remote, hybrid, or onsite.
• Any of these designations may also include travel. 

As a job seeker who understand the different stated options and possible meanings, here are a few strategies for navigating job listings:

• Review posted job openings for additional details on work arrangements. For remote roles, read the main job description and skim the listing for additional location restrictions (time zones, states, and proximity to a physical office).
• If you're on a job search site, find the job listing on the company's website. Sometimes they will include additional details on the specific states where they are able to hire and/or want to hire for a given position. 
• If you’re not sure if a company can do business in your state, use LinkedIn to search for employees at that company who currently live in your state. This would indicate that the company is legally able to hire someone in your state.
• Connect with and speak with someone at the organization and ask for additional clarification on work arrangements and remote work policies.
• If it’s unclear, reach out to a company recruiter to clarify details (or, if time is of the essence, apply first, then ask questions later).

There are also a few other implications of remote work to keep in mind:
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• Salary ranges will be all over the board for the same role. For example, a title like "Training Manager" could have a salary of anywhere from $50,000 - $225,000 per year, depending on the location of the company's corporate office. 
• Some companies adjust their salary ranges based on the candidate's geographic area, while others do not. 
• Even with pay transparency laws in some states, not all jobs list the salary range--even when they are now required to do so. 

Given these variations on how salaries work for remote roles, be sure to think through your financial requirements and how you will address questions about your desired salary:

• Identify your desired salary range overall. Use this range as a starting point for all conversations.
• Review posted salary ranges for the role. Make sure they at least meet your minimum salary.
• During the interview process, when a recruiter or hiring manager asks you for your desired salary range, answer that question with the question, “what is the salary range for this position?” This assures that you’re not selling yourself short.

By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

There are a lot of opinions on how to interact with employers early in the hiring process. They include everything from sending a basic “I applied” email to off-the-wall rom-com level gesture like sending the hiring manager a cake with your resume attached to the inside of the box. In this article, we’ll focus on using email to follow up after you have formally applied for the job.
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Regardless of your approach (and my overall follow-up recommendations are closer to the email than the cake end of the spectrum), stay focused on what you’re trying to accomplish. Remember, your goal at this point in the process is to get your application into the “must interview” pile. 

Let’s first set a few expectations on the impact sending a follow-up email message will have:

• If you are not a generally qualified candidate for the job, you’re not going to “follow-up” your way into an interview.
• If you follow-up badly, you may very well “follow-up” your way right into the “no” pile.
• Following up with the wrong person won’t help your cause.
• If you’re going to follow-up, contact either the hiring manager or the recruiter.
• Sending a follow-up email may help the hiring team remember your name--which may help especially in remote roles with many, many applicants.
• Even if you are a strong candidate, and following up with the right people, you may or may not get an interview.

Like with most of the hiring process, there is no guarantee that you will get an interview for any given role. However, doing the right things consistently gives you a better chance of having a positive outcome. 

Once upon a time, I was the hiring manager for an instructional designer position. A person who I had never met, but who knew a colleague of mine, had a background in instructional design and was interested in the job. Through our shared colleague, that person (who I will now refer to as “the candidate”) ended up with my name and work contact information.

What followed was an example of the worst-case scenario of a how a candidate reaching out to a hiring manager can actually be detrimental. From mid-December through the end of the calendar year, over the course of 10 business days, the candidate (who—reminder—I had never before interacted with in any way) contacted me 16 times via phone and email about the open position.

I do not remember what all the candidate asked during each request (because blocking out awful memories is a real thing). I do remember one early request was asking how to apply for the job. Given that this role was with a technology company, and I needed someone who could work independently and solve problems, a candidate who wasn’t sure how to apply for the job through a pretty typical Careers webpage was not going to be a top candidate.

In addition, after they managed to apply, they then called and also emailed the recruiter multiple times, again in the spirit of follow-up.

The good news—we definitely knew the candidate’s name. The bad news (for them)—we knew for sure we were NOT going to interview them.

As a hiring manager, here are the issues I’ve seen when people follow up on job applications:

• They reach out with no plan or point.
• They reach out too many times.
• They reach out many times with too small of a gap between messages.
• They reach out to the wrong person.
• They reach out with a large ask.
• They are DEMANDING about what the hiring team should do for them.
• They push too hard on next steps. 
• They disregard specific directions in the job description regarding what follow-up is acceptable. 

Remember, typically the two people to follow up with regarding your job application are the recruiter and the hiring manager. The first challenge is figuring out who these people are, then getting their email addresses.

In some cases, the name of the recruiter may be included on the job posting. Through using LinkedIn or the company website, you may be able to find a professional email address to use for them. You can also potentially do some digging through LinkedIn and find out the name of the recruiter through their LinkedIn posts. It could be little to no effort to find their email address, or a genuine project, to find out that detail about the recruiter.

For hiring managers, some job listings will include the title of the hiring manager (who the position reports to), or even sometimes their name. Again, you may be able to use LinkedIn to find their contact information, or you may find the naming scheme a company uses (like [email protected]) to figure out their email address. You may also need to contact HR or a current employee to find out more, or there might be fee-based services you can use.

When it comes right down to it, it is important for you to determine how much time and money you want to dedicate to finding this information. You also need to decide if the time you spend on this quest is worth the value you will gain from sending a follow-up message. It's your call.

Once you’ve identified the person to contact, and have their email address, think about what you’ll say in your message. Here are my recommendations on details to include: 

• Greet the person by name. 
• Introduce yourself.
• Mention that you’ve applied for the job and include the title of the job and the company name.
• Share a brief summary (a sentence or two or a few short, bulleted points) on why you applied and the skills you bring to the role.
• Include your contact information (email and phone) and invite them to contact you.
• Thank them.
• Your first and last name, email, phone, and LinkedIn URL

Subject Line: Following Up on my Support Manager Application

Body of the Message: 

Hi, Annette. I’m Esme Whitlock, and I'm sending you a quick message to introduce myself, and let you know I just applied for the Support Manager role with Super Cool Company. Because I have a background working in tech support specialist and help desk supervisor jobs in manufacturing companies, I think I am a great match for this position.

As indicated in the job description, I have experience setting up a knowledge base using Super Cool Software and training new staff on using internal resources. I also enjoy hiring and training new associates and helping them grow their skillsets to meet performance goals. These skills, and my desire to grow in my career, drive my excitement for this role with Super Cool Company.

If you’re interested in talking to me directly about the Support Manager role and my qualifications, please contact me via text/phone at 555-555-5555 or via email at [email protected].

Thank you!

Esme Whitlock
555-555-5555
[email protected]
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mylinkedin/ewhitlock

There are also various opinions on when to contact a potential employer and how many contacts to make.

I suggest emailing once sometime between the day you apply and a week after you apply to briefly introduce yourself and get your name in front of the hiring manager and/or recruiter. If you decide you want to do a second message, I suggest waiting until a week or two after the first message and modifying the message so it is not just a repeat of the first message you send.

Remember, you get to do whatever you want to do. Some hiring managers and recruiters may be very open to messages, and others might prefer to avoid being contacted. I believe reaching out one to two times with a few days in between contacts should show your interest without venturing into being way too much.