By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

When your “day job ends”, many things in your financial life change. For one, what is for many people their core source of income, ends. This often prompts a quick shift to a short-term survival mindset that will last from the layoff event until the first paycheck from that new job arrives. 

Let's talk about how to manage your healthcare during this time.  Note that I’ll outline options first, and then you can review all of the links at the end of this article for additional information. Brace yourself—there is a lot going on here.

Disclaimer: (You know there has to be one of these now that we're talking about topics like personal finances and health insurance.)

While I know quite a bit based on my previous work experience supporting financial coaches, my own research, and my personal life experiences, I do not currently hold a license or certification to give financial advice. The information provided here is educational information provided as guidance.

I hope you glean value from my lessons learned. Feel free to take my recommendations or not—but whatever you do, double-check my facts (and everyone's facts, for that matter). This is your life, and you will care more about your finances and health care than anyone else does. With that, read on. ​

​In the United States, where health insurance for many people is part of an employer-provided benefits package, thinking through the health insurance implications of a job change is critically important. While working, you have limited health care coverage options through your employer. You make your selection when you first start, and after that, once a year. In most cases, your employer pays for part of it, facilitates the payment for your health care coverage, and even allows you to set up and use a Health Savings Account (HSA) as a separate benefit. 

After you are laid off, your former employer will let you know when your benefits end. It may be as soon as your separation date, the end of the calendar month, or some other date altogether depending on your organization. If you have the time and ability to do so, it may be a good idea to fit in any doctor's appointments you have been putting off while you still have coverage. 

Once your employer-sponsored coverage ends, there are many options for healthcare coverage. You'll also need to take steps to enroll in whatever coverage you choose. Most of these options have an associated monthly premium, and some are more cost-effective than others. Here are a few possibilities for your consideration.

If you do receive a sewerage package, you may also receive continued healthcare coverage for a specified period of time. ​You may get health care coverage included for a bit. This could be the company paying for the benefits you had before, or an amount of money that is earmarked to pay for healthcare coverage. These are two very different propositions.

If the company continues to pay for your health benefits, your coverage will work as before with your same coverage levels and networks. However, if you receive money to pay for health care coverage, you will need to decide what to purchase, enroll, then pay for it as billed. 

COBRA stands for Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. In short, this provision allows former employees to pay the total cost of their formerly work-sponsored health insurance on their own. If you choose this option, you can keep this coverage for up to 18 or 36 months. As part of your layoff paperwork, your now former company will send you information about the logistics and cost of keeping this coverage and let you know your deadline for signing up (which is typically 60 days).

The good news? You can keep your same coverage. The bad news? The cost may knock you back. Now, you'll pay the total price for your coverage instead of your employer helping offset the cause. For example, while working, you may have spent $500 a month for your family’s healthcare coverage, and with COBRA,  you will now likely pay thousands of dollars a month for that same coverage. 

Depending on your age and personal situation, you may have the option to be added to someone else’s employer-sponsored healthcare coverage. Here are two common scenarios: 
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• If you are 26 years old or younger, you may be eligible to be added to a parent’s healthcare coverage through their employer.
• If you have a spouse or domestic partner, you may be eligible to be added to their coverage through their employer. Some plans might strictly add legal spouses, while others may have less stringent requirements.

In general, if your former employer’s plan covered you, your family member's plan will allow you to enroll in their plan, even mid-year. Be sure to check with your family member's employer to see if being added to their plan is a good option for you. 

Remember, if you are added to your family member's health insurance plan, the additional costs for whoever is footing the bill can vary from “no big deal” to “holy crap, that’s an extra [whole lotta money] a paycheck!” 

Since the Affordable Care Act (ACA—also nicknamed “Obamacare”), additional healthcare coverage options have been available outside employer-sponsored coverage. To find out what health insurance options are available, your eligibility, and any amount of help (in the form of a subsidy) you might qualify for, check out Healthcare.gov, also referred to as “The Marketplace.” Alternatively, some states have their own healthcare-specific website, like MNsure.gov in Minnesota. Regardless of if your state uses the national site or their own, this is the go-to place to find out about possible healthcare options that comply with ACA standards, meaning that they include a base level of coverage (like preventative health screenings, emergency services, pregnancy, etc.).  
 
Many of these plans are High Deductible Health Plans (HDHP), and the higher the deductible, the lower your monthly premium, but the higher the possible out-of-pocket expense you will have. As with other high deductible plans, you can save money in a separate Health Savings Account (HSA) to help cover those expenses. However, Healthcare.gov does not have the option to help you set up an HSA account, so you’ll have to seek that out elsewhere if you are interested in setting that up. 
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One significant benefit of looking here is the possibility of getting a subsidy. A subsidy will help offset your healthcare cost and is usually applied before any premium you would need to pay every month. Typically, subsidies are calculated based on your projected income for the year, depend on how much money your household is bringing in, and may vary by state. You would need to enroll in an ACA plan within 60 days of being laid off.

Overall, Healthcare.gov can be a lot to juggle—but they do have help available in the form of agents, brokers, or assisters. 

Short Term health insurance is just that—lower-cost insurance intended to help you bridge the gap between employer-sponsored coverage. Typically, these don’t have preventative benefits (like annual physicals or flu shots covered), but they are significantly less expensive. In addition, this kind of coverage ensures that if something big happens, like an accident where you end up in the hospital, you won’t go broke paying for all those costs.

For example, during one period of unemployment, I bought short-term health insurance coverage for my daughter (for a tumultuous month where for a moment, it looked like all of my daughter’s parental units would manage to be out of work all at once). It was under $100 and ensured she had at least some coverage as we figured out the details of her longer-term healthcare coverage. 

There are several other options to help pay for healthcare costs varying from good ideas to decidedly bad ones. For example, you could buy a private health insurance plan, take part in Medicaid/Medical assistance based on your financial situation, explore a community health share program, visit community health centers, use telehealth, rely on Minute Clinic, use a healthcare-specific credit card, and/or use discount cards to minimize prescription costs. 

​When it comes down to it, consider the short and long-term implications of your healthcare coverage decisions (including the possible financial hardship of having a significant medical diagnosis or expense without being insured) before choosing your course of action.

It starts like any other day. Then, it takes an ominous turn. 
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Whether you were invited to an ambiguously titled last minute meeting, received an awkward message in your personal email notifying you of your last day, or are perp walked to HR on your first day back from vacation, you are now among the newly unemployed. 

​Welcome to the suck.

Even if there were buyout rumors, a quarter with low sales, or a new company direction, being part of a reduction in force (RIF) is still surreal when it happens to you. It's hard to know what to do with yourself when you find yourself unexpectedly out of the job. It's time to redirect your attention.

Along with your new focus areas, your overall guiding principle is not to do anything counterproductive (or downright dumb) as you figure out your post-layoff next steps.

Your Never-Do List

Here are the career-limiting moves that will make your life harder. Instead of springing into action, stop, think, and then just don't do the following:

• Talk trash about your former employer or layoff publicly.
• Spew your unfiltered anger, sadness, fear, or hurt all over the interwebs.
• Post on social media about how desperate you are for paid work.
• Apply for all the jobs motivated solely by panic.
• Take any old job.

Your Think-Before-You-Consider-Doing List 

Here are a few things you may want to do at some point, but that require thought and a plan before you move forward. At the very least, sleep on it before you do any of the following:

• Contact recruiters, hiring managers, or colleagues about job openings before thinking about what you really want to do next.
• Make big life decisions with long-term consequences (like a cross-country move, selling your house, or getting rid of your car).
• Act on anyone else's advice without thinking about what is right for you (including a cross-country move, selling your house, or getting rid of your car).

Now that you are at least somewhat inoculated against creating utter chaos for yourself, let's get back to those top three focus areas. 

Losing your job can be an emotional roller coaster. An unplanned job change is a stressful life event on par with getting divorced or going to prison. ​Just like dealing with a death in the family, you’re dealing with the death of the future you thought you had. Losing that imagined future is a significant loss that needs to be addressed.
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Figure out how you will cope with these changes. While distracting yourself from the unpleasant parts of the process is natural, building healthier coping mechanisms, like prioritizing self-care, is better for your long-term success.  

While you can get away with avoiding your feelings for a while, eventually, you need to acknowledge each one so you can move on. If you don’t work through those difficult emotions, your ignored feelings will come out sideways at just the wrong time. It is better to work through your grief privately than to fall apart during an interview or snap at someone who is trying to help you.

Disclaimer: 

While I know quite a bit based on my previous work experience supporting financial coaches, my own research, and my personal life experiences, I do not currently hold a license or certification to give financial advice. Therefore, the information provided here is educational information provided as guidance.

I hope you can glean value from my lessons learned. Feel free to take my recommendations or not—but whatever you do, double-check my information (and everyone's facts, for that matter). This is your life, and you will care more about your finances and health care than anyone else. With that, read on. 

Although your paychecks will eventually stop, you will receive your final paycheck, possibly vacation time that you have earned and, hopefully, a lovely parting gift from your former employer in the form of a severance package. Severance could be equivalent to a set number of weeks of pay or include an additional lump sum, continuation of some benefits, and job placement services. In most cases, employers do not have to give you any type of severance.

If you are eligible for a severance package, you will need to sign something before receiving that money. Once you sign, any thoughts you might have about legal action regarding your employment with the organization are pretty much over. Read the agreement given to you, consider having a lawyer look it over, and ask for clarifications (and any revisions) before signing it. After that, there is typically a waiting period before you receive that money. I also encourage you not just to sign whatever paper they put in front of you. Make sure you advocate for yourself. 

After a layoff, most people will be eligible for unemployment insurance income, or UI. I encourage you to apply for unemployment payments. The money used to make unemployment payments comes from the payroll taxes that employers pay. That money is intended to help people who have been laid off to pay their bills as they search for something new.

Unemployment payments are administered at the state level and vary by state. After you apply, there may be a waiting period before you receive a payment. Your state will also outline the amount of each payment you will receive, the number of payments you are eligible to receive, and additional factors impacting your payments. You may also qualify for job search support services and even programs to help you upgrade your skills. 
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In short, apply for unemployment income right away. In most cases, there is not a good reason for most people to forgo unemployment payments. 

​Since many people rely on their employers for health insurance coverage, consider how you’ll cover healthcare costs. If you have a  spouse, domestic partner, or parent who can bring you onto their health insurance, that may be your best option. Check with the other person’s employer and let them know you no longer have health insurance through your employer because of a layoff. Their employer can talk you through your next steps and cost changes.  

If that's not an option, consider COBRA coverage through your former employer. This means you could stay with your previous health insurance, but now you'd pay the whole premium cost. Brace yourself when you see your new premium amount because it is usually A LOT more than you spent as an employee.

Another option is going on the insurance exchanges at Healthcare.gov to find coverage. You may even be eligible for a subsidy to offset the cost. Alternatively, for less expensive coverage intended to cover a big expensive medical issue should it happen, short-term health care insurance may be a good interim option. Do your research and determine what makes the most sense for you and your household.

Next, plan to launch your search for a new job. Start by thinking about what kind of job you want. Write down job titles, possible employers, and your target salary range. Update your resume to include details about your last position and showcase your unique skillset as it aligns with your target job.

From here, start letting people know your new status of being “in transition” and ask for help. They might be able to introduce you to a valuable business contact, keep an eye out for job openings that meet your needs, and introduce you to a hiring manager looking for someone just like you.

If you've recently been laid off, check out my book Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide. You can even buy the eBook to get help right now.
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In this book, I cover seven lessons from my seven experiences with unplanned job losses. I include my personal stories alongside practical advice for navigating this tumultuous time. 
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You'll learn strategies for managing your mindset, finding the next right job for you, shaping your career story, and overcoming setbacks.

By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

When your “day job ends,” many things in your financial life change. For one, what is for many people their primary source of income, ends. This often prompts a quick shift to a short-term "survival" mindset that will last from the layoff event until the first paycheck from that new job arrives. 

Let's talk about your new financial goals and how to manage expenses.   

Disclaimer: (You know there has to be one of these now that we're talking about topics like personal finances and health insurance.)

While I know quite a bit based on my previous work experience supporting financial coaches, my own research, and my personal life experiences, I do not currently hold a license or certification to give financial advice. Therefore, the information provided here is educational information provided as guidance.

I hope you can glean value from my lessons learned. Feel free to take my recommendations or not—but whatever you do, double-check my facts (and everyone's facts, for that matter). This is your life, and you will care more about your finances and health care than anyone else. With that, read on. 

When gainfully employed, your household financial goals may look like this: 
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• Pay monthly bills on time and in full.
• Spend money on things that you need and enjoy.
• Save in a Health Savings Account (HSA).
• Save for retirement.
• Pay down debt.
• Give to causes you care about.
• Save for short and long-term goals. 

Typically, goals include living within your means and spending/saving/giving money in line with your values and financial priorities. When things are going "as normal," you probably have the capacity to think about current activities and consider what is possible in the future.

During a career transition, financial priorities shift from being proactive to focusing on the here and now. The goal is to get through the next one to six months with as few adverse effects as possible. Here are my recommendations for crucial goals to keep in mind during a period of reduced income and job transition: 
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• Pay monthly bills on time and in full (or make other arrangements).
• Prioritize money on things that you need in the short term.
• Find ways to enjoy your life that have a smaller price tag.
• Minimize and delay expenses.
• Preserve your credit score.
• Tap savings as needed. 
• Minimize the amount of debt incurred.

​While navigating post-layoff unemployment, the goal is to make it through with as few bumps and bruises as possible. Instead of trying to pay off a previous purchase or save for a goal, you will probably leave any “extra” money in your checking account just in case. 

This is also a good time to see what expenses you can pare down in the short term to ensure that the money you do have lasts a little longer. Here are a few ideas:
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• Review monthly bills and see what you can minimize, stop for a while, find a better deal, or delay.  
• Plan meals and buy groceries more mindfully to minimize waste.
• Make fewer restaurant trips and do more cooking at home.
• Meet people more often for coffee or a drink than dinner.
• Cut back on subscriptions (tv, music, audiobooks).
• Do more outdoor activities and YouTube exercise videos, and fewer gyms and in-person classes.
• Take fewer flying vacations and more day drives to local destinations or overnight trips to stay with friends and family. 

Here is a recommendation for prioritizing which bills you pay when money is tight:

• Rent or mortgage payments
• Transportation
• Phone
• Utilities: electricity, gas, heat
• Food (which is lower on the list because food help is more readily available)
• Minimum payments on debt

If you can’t pay your bills, call the company and discuss how to make arrangements. Instead of just plain NOT paying a bill, make a phone call. I know this can be hard and humbling, but it is important to figure out a plan. Remember, you're not the first person to be in a position where they had an unexpected job loss and needed to figure out alternatives. It is also to the company's advantage to work with you. It's in the company's interest to help you stay on track as a customer than for them to spend the time and staffing on repossessing items or turning off and on utilities. Help them help you.

Making this call also helps minimize damage to your credit score (which could even impact your ability to find work sometimes). Be sure to call right away when you start to have issues instead of waiting until you have a lot of issues. I encourage you to call when you worry abouat having a hard time making one mortgage payment instead of waiting until you are months behind. Remember, though, even if you have waited, MAKE THAT CALL! 

When working with a company on making payment arrangements, you may be able to defer payments, figure out a payment plan, take advantage of a company-sponsored program, or find a government-sponsored program to help you during a hard time. County, faith-based organizations, and non-profits may be able to help you, too. Whether you need help paying for gas, food, transportation, or utilities, make sure to use the available resources.

By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Career Resilience is all about being ready to deal with what comes. Thinking through scenarios, or contingency planning, is one way to prepare for possible outcomes. By thinking through your next steps before you are in that situation, you can ensure that you are better prepared.

When you’re in a good place at work, it’s hard to believe things would ever be any other way. Your boss supports your professional growth, your work fulfills you, your coworkers are amazing, and you can’t imagine a time when it could be any other way.
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Conversely, there are times at work when you’re less than thrilled about your situation. In these cases, you might be thinking about an exit strategy. Here are a few factors to consider. 

First, here are indications that might prompt you to start to think about leaving your current role:
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• You find yourself consistently dreading your next workday. Maybe you don’t like the work you’re doing. Perhaps the organization is constantly struggling to find solutions to what should be easy-to-solve problems. It may be that the organization’s values don’t align with yours anymore. It could be time for you to look for a job or workplace that feels like a better fit for you.
• You’re not sure if you have a future at the company. Maybe you don’t think you got the raise you deserved. Perhaps the promotion you thought was yours fell through and now you’re left with no good path forward. It may be that the amazing initiative you were excited about was just put on indefinite hold. It could be time for you to find a role with more challenges or a company with additional growth opportunities.
• You are concerned about job stability. Maybe your company is under new leadership and doing a lot of reorganizing, causing talented colleagues to jump ship. Perhaps your previously interesting job is less so because many of your core responsibilities are being distributed to other teams. It may be that there have been layoff rumors or a recent reduction in force. It could be time for you to start looking for a company that is more stable.
• You and your coworkers are at odds. Maybe the new leadership team doesn’t value your contributions. Perhaps your boss is a micromanager who wants you to copy them on every email you send. It may be that you have a coworker who tries to take credit for your work and talks over you in meetings. It could be time for you to seek out a team that is more collaborative.

Once you decide that you need to leave your current job, it’s important to take a look at your financial state. Your ability to pay your bills without the income you receive from that job will be a major factor in your next steps and timeline for leaving your role.
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If you have other streams of income, household members who can cover bills with their income, or savings that you can spend on your core living expenses, you may consider leaving your job right away without a new one lined up.

Be sure to think through the insurance implications of making a job change, too since your healthcare coverage might end with your job. You will need to determine how you will pay for any health-related costs. This could include switching to a family member's plan, finding and paying for other health care coverage, or determining how to handle possible healthcare costs outside of an insurance plan. Each of these options has a different price tag and level of risk.

Know, too, that if your current position is bad enough, you may decide that leaving right away is worth the financial hit you’ll take. 

Be sure to pause and think through the implications of potentially not having a main income stream and how you will cover your basic living expenses in that interim. Maybe you'll get a roommate, sleep on a friend's couch, or just deal with issues as they come. Regardless of what may make sense to others, you get to make the decision that is right for you. 

Many people will choose to stay at their current job until they are able to find another one. This way, you’ll still have a paycheck coming in while you also search for a position that is a better fit. From a purely financial standpoint, this is often the best choice.
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Looking for a job while you’re already employed is a different challenge. You’ll need to get your job search toolkit together so that you’re opportunity ready and can apply for new roles when you see them. You’ll also need to juggle doing your current job while also actively searching for another role. Since finding a new job takes as long as it takes, you may have to live in this state of uncertainty for a while until something new works out. 

When you’re working and also looking for a new position, maintaining your job search momentum can be a challenge. As you face job search rejection, you may be discouraged and not put in as much time looking for a new role. You may apply for roles only sporadically and not make much progress.
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You may also find that you’ll have good days and weeks at that job you’ve decided to leave. You may also have times when things are going well enough at your job that you temporarily slow down your job search activity. Then, you may have a rough week at work and renew your commitment to finding something new.  

What questions do you think you need to focus on as you do your contingency planning? Share your thoughts in the comments. 

By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Career Resilience is all about being ready to deal with what comes. Thinking through scenarios, or contingency planning, is one way to prepare for possible outcomes. By thinking through your next steps before you are in that situation, you can ensure that you are better prepared for whatever does come to pass. 

After seven layoffs, I know the importance of ensuring my financial security. Here are my best practices for preparing for a possible job loss.

What would you do if you went to work tomorrow and found out it was your last day at work? If you've never had this experience, this prospect might be almost unthinkable. Let's take a few minutes for you to think through how this change might impact your life. Here are a few key areas you would need to address. 

Once you find out your job is ending, you'll need to figure out how to pay your bills without what may be your main income stream. You would need to find out about any final money you would receive from your employer, including your last paycheck, a vacation payout, and maybe even some kind of severance package. You would also need to explore other possible money you could access to pay for your main expenses until you could find a new job. This might include unemployment payments or your savings. 

In addition, realize that your health care coverage might end with your job. You will need to determine how you will pay for any health-related costs. This could include switching to a family member's plan, finding and paying for other health care coverage, or determining how to handle possible health care costs outside of an insurance plan. Each of these options has a different price tag and level of risk.

Ask yourself these questions about your current budget for your household:​​

• How much might I receive in unemployment insurance (UI) income on a weekly basis? 
• How closely do my current expenses line up with what I might receive from UI income?
• Which expenses might I minimize, pause, or eliminate to more closely align my income with my expenses?
• How might I pay for my remaining regular monthly bills?
• How will I manage health care costs? What insurance options are available? What are those costs?

How much money do I need to pay my current regular monthly expenses?

hile all of these questions might seem big and scary to contemplate, remember you're not in that situation at this time. Right now is a good time to do some research and preliminary thinking on how you might manage each of these factors. Consider doing the following to help inform your contingency planning:

Your Income 

• Review your previous month's bank statements. Identify how much you earn in a given month.
• Look up unemployment insurance (UI) benefits in your state. Find out how much you might receive if you were laid off by your employer and how long UI benefits last.
• Think about benefits you have from your employer that you would need to replace if your job ended and associated costs.
• Think about possible income streams you could create outside of your paycheck from your job. 

Your Expenses

• Review your previous month's bank and credit card transactions. Identify how much you spend in a given month. 
• Think about how much additional money you would need to pay your regular bills if the income from your job ended.
• ​Look through your monthly expenses. Identify which you might minimize, pause, or stop altogether if you were unemployed.
• If you have healthcare through your employer, consider where else you could get healthcare.  
• Review healthcare costs through Healthcare.gov and estimate your possible costs.

Your Savings​

• Review your previous month's bank statements. Identify how much you save in a given month.
• Look at your balances on your savings account(s). Think about how much savings you might need to use to pay your basic monthly expenses for the next six months in the event of a job loss. ​

What questions do you think you need to focus on as you do your contingency planning? Share your thoughts in the comments. 

By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

In a previous article, we discussed the value of knowing what you want, what you don’t want, and what would be okay. As your job search continues, you may adjust what you want as your job search progresses.

​Here is how your job wants and needs may change over time:

• In months 1-2 of your job search, you may be stringent about the characteristics of the job you will accept. You may be set on getting your dream title, at your dream salary, with your dream benefits, and working 100% remote.
  
  
• In months 3-4 of your job search, you may ease your requirements based on the responses you’ve been getting from employers. At that point, you may be open to a really good title, or even an okay title, okay benefits, and even an okay or acceptable salary. However, 100% remote may be non-negotiable for you.
  
  
• During months 4-6, when you know the end date for your unemployment payments is drawing near, you may stumble across a job with a more junior title but with a really good salary really good benefits that is hybrid with only occasional onsite work needed. This might be the right combination for you.
  
  
• After 6 months, you may be in a position where you need to start earning income since your unemployment payments are over. Now, you may be most concerned about a really good salary, be okay with no benefits (because maybe you’re on another household member’s plan), and take a 100% remote contract gig with a solid hourly wage. 

Conversely, you may be committed to find a job that very closely aligns with your target job. The good news is that you get to decide what role is right for you, and what will make you happy longer term. The bad news is that it may take you longer if you have very specific requirements and less flexibility. In this case, make sure that you think through options for interim income so you are able to support yourself as you find a role that meets your requirements. 

By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

When your “day job" ends, many things in your financial life change. For one, what is for many people their primary source of income, ends. This often prompts a quick shift to a short-term survival mindset that will last from the layoff event until the first paycheck from that new job arrives. 

After you think about your overall survival budget goals and managing expenses, think about your sources of income during your career transition.

Disclaimer: (You know there has to be one of these now that we're talking about topics like personal finances and health insurance.)

While I know quite a bit based on my previous work experience supporting financial coaches, my own research, and my personal life experiences, I do not currently hold a license or certification to give financial advice. Therefore, the information provided here is educational information provided as guidance.

​I hope you can glean value from my lessons learned. Feel free to take my recommendations or not—but whatever you do, double-check my facts (and everyone's facts, for that matter). This is your life, and you will care more about your finances and health care than anyone else. With that, read on. 

When you’re gainfully employed, usually a couple of times per month, you receive your paycheck. Your taxes are deducted according to what you set up.  You also typically have deductions for health care costs, company-sponsored insurance benefits (life insurance, disability insurance), and company-sponsored savings (Flexible Spending Accounts, Healthcare Savings Accounts, retirement contributions). Once that company no longer employs you, your income changes significantly.

While you won’t have the income from your job on a go-forward basis, you may have one or more of these types of money coming from that employer after your position ends.

​You will receive a payment for any hours worked for which you still need to be paid. Typically, this check will not include deductions for health insurance or any other benefits since you no longer participate in those programs. In addition, taxes will be withheld from this payment.

Depending on multiple factors, you may be paid for any PTO you had accrued but had not yet taken. For example, if the company you worked for had “Unlimited” paid time off, you will not receive any vacation payout since there was no tie between accruing and taking time off.

In addition, some companies have written into their company policies that they do not pay out vacation time after an employee no longer works there. However, some states require vacation payouts from previous employers. (I know this because Nebraska, my current state of residence, is one of those states.) Know that getting a payout is not guaranteed, but this is definitely something you should investigate to see if you are eligible.

A severance package may be a component of your layoff. Severance could include a lump sum, continuation of insurance for a period of time, and/or support services to help you transition to a new position outside of that organization. In many cases, companies do not have to provide any sort of severance. If they offer severance, it is often to help minimize the likelihood of former employees taking legal action after a layoff. It is also a way that companies help their employees financially during that difficult transition time. 
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If you do receive a severance payment, the amount can vary wildly. It could be between a fat lot of nothing, to the equivalent of a paycheck, to 1-2 weeks of pay for each year you were with the organization, to a larger check equaling months of income. It depends on the organization, their financial position, how they want to be perceived by the media during the layoff, or any other factors. If you receive a severance payment, realize that it may be less money than you anticipated because of withholding taxes.

If you are offered a severance package, realize you must sign something before receiving a payment, benefits, or any other services promised. Once you sign, any thoughts you might have about legal action regarding your employment with the organization are pretty much over. Read the agreement given to you, consider having a lawyer look it over, and ask for clarifications (and any revisions) before signing it. After that, there is typically a waiting period before you receive that money. This is big-time adulting here, so enlist help as needed. 

While your regularly scheduled income from your previous employer ends, in most cases, with a layoff, you will be eligible for unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. In short, apply for UI benefits. Remember--this is money that you paid into your state government while you were working. There is no shame in collecting unemployment because it is literally your money that you paid in and get to use for this purpose. 

Here are a few key details about UI payments:
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• Each state handles Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits.
• You can only collect UI benefits from one state at any given time.
• The amount of your UI benefits payment varies by state and factors in your previous income while working.
• You may be able to decide whether or not to set up deductions from your UI benefits payment. However, come tax time, unemployment income is taxable.
• You complete an online application for UI benefits to determine eligibility and payment amount.
• Payments are issued weekly.
• You apply for each payment weekly, usually online or via phone.
• There is typically a waiting period before you will receive your first payment.
• Payments typically last for as long as 26 weeks, with some variation by state.
• You stop being eligible to receive unemployment payments until you are past your maximum benefit period or have a new job, whichever comes first.
• Doing paid work while receiving UI benefits may impact the amount of one or more payments.

​You may also be eligible for job search support services and even programs to help you upgrade your skills. In many states, you must complete outlined “reemployment activities” to stay eligible to receive unemployment payments. For example, some states may require you to apply for a given number of jobs each week, or attend classes, or confirm you did not turn down a suitable job offer.

Also know that if you will be receiving a severance payment, it will impact when you are eligible to start receiving unemployment payments. When you apply for unemployment, you will be asked to specify any payments you still expect to receive from your previous employer. Typically, if you are receiving severance that is intended to cover a set period of time, you will also not be eligible for unemployment payments during that time. Personally, I had periods when I was in a career transition where I never received an unemployment payment because I started a new job before the number of weeks specified for my severance ran out. Again, if you’re unsure on details, make that phone call to ask for clarification.    

Depending on your situation, you may need to find interim work while looking for a more permanent role. For example, if the amount you receive from UI benefits needs to be increased to pay your core bills, you may need to take a job to make ends meet. This could be anything from contract work in your chosen field (that may pay pretty close to your previous full-time job) to a supplemental job that you do for a little extra income. If you have a partner, it may be a case where they take on additional paid work or help more with expenses while you are in career transition. 

There are multiple ways to pay for your life, varying from good to decidedly bad ideas. You could do anything from using your savings, to selling unused items, to using credit cards, to acquiring additional debt, to using your home equity, to taking money out of your HSA account (and paying taxes on what you removed), to starting a Go Fund Me page, to donating plasma, or even tapping into retirement accounts (and paying a steep penalty). Be sure to consider the short and long-term implications of any of those decisions before choosing your course of action.