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Work Samples and Portfolios: Your Why and Your Goals

11/4/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Thinking Through Your Why

When creating an online portfolio, identifying what you are trying to accomplish is a great place to start. Depending on your wants, needs, industry, and timeline for completion, your portfolio could take any number of forms.  Thinking it through now will help you to create a portfolio that meets your short and longer-term goals. 

Identifying Your Portfolio Goals

Here are a few questions to ask yourself as you determine your portfolio goals:

  • What is your main purpose for having a portfolio? Do you need work samples to show hiring managers? Are you interested in sharing examples of websites you've built to entice potential clients to want to work with you? Is it just because someone told me I should have one? Figure out your why, then plan accordingly. 

  • Who is your primary audience? Who specifically are you creating this for? Answers may include recruiters, hiring managers, potential employers, or people who may be looking for a freelancer.

  • Who are your additional audiences? Who else might you want to access your portfolio? Perhaps the main goal is to share this with hiring managers, but a secondary goal is to share it with a colleague looking for ideas.

  • What would you like your primary audience to learn about you from your portfolio? Is your goal to show your wide range of skills? Are you trying to do a deeper dive into your whole work process by sharing details on one comprehensive project? Do you want to show how you've used project management principles by highlighting projects in three very different industries? Choose your focus, then create accordingly.

  • How much context or positioning does each work sample need? Can your primary audience just look at a work sample and garner what they need? If not, what context is needed, and how can you provide that?

  • How and when do you want to share your work samples? Do you want them readily available? Does a potential employer ask you to include a link when you apply? Can you share work samples as needed? Would you prefer a URL that not just anyone can access?
    ​
  • How fancy does it need to be? This will help you decide what technology to use, your budget, and your minimum viable product (MVP). 
    ​
  • What is your level of commitment?​ Consciously decide how much time, energy, brainpower, and money you are willing to dedicate right away and on an ongoing basis to creating your portfolio. 

My Portfolio Lessons Learned

A few years ago, when applying for jobs, I realized I needed an online portfolio to show hiring managers supporting evidence that I could use the learning and development skills included in my resume. I looked at job descriptions for training leadership roles that interested me and noted the specific keywords and skills that were most often included.

From there, I chose work samples to showcase those identified skills. For each sample, I included a brief introduction to position the value of each artifact. I shared a project plan, a pitch deck promoting a company-wide change, a facilitator guide, and microlearning videos on technical, soft skills, and business-related topics. 

​From a technology standpoint, my portfolio was a hidden page on my existing website. That portfolio page was non-searchable and not listed in website navigation, but it was available directly through the page's web address. As needed, I could include that URL on my resume, email it to hiring managers, or include it in an online job application. 

What Do You Think? 

What are your goals for your portfolio? What kind of content do you think it makes sense for you to include? As you are comfortable, share your ideas in the comments. 

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Work Samples and Portfolios: Getting Started
  • The Layoff Lady: Job Search Challenges - Job-Specific Assessments & Projects
  • ​The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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Gathering Work and Education History: Your Backstory

10/21/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

The Value of Information Gathering

If a career opportunity comes your way, it is to your advantage to be ready to pursue that job. Doing a little extra information gathering ahead of time will help you fill out a detailed job application, include a particularly relevant class, or remind one of your references of when you worked. Since time may be of the essence when applying, this will help you meet that tight deadline with fewer headaches.

Gathering this information, which is really your career backstory, will help you to tell the story of your professional life consistently. 

Your Work History

When filling out job applications, having a thorough list of where you worked and basic information about each job can come in handy. Depending on the application, you may be able to submit a resume alone and be done with it. Other companies may ask you for specific start and end dates for each role. They may even ask for contact information for your immediate manager and the organization itself. 
​

To make filling out more thorough job applications a little easier, I suggest you create a spreadsheet including information for your previous workplaces for the past 10-15 years. Depending on what stage you are at in your career, decide how many years of work experience it makes sense for you to gather.

Make sure to compile this information for each role:
  • Company name.
  • Company city and state.
  • Job title.
  • Start date.
  • End date.
  • Direct manager name.
  • Reason for leaving.
  • Your starting and ending salaries (for your information only).

While you’re busy gathering information, you may want to note these items, too:
  • Company phone number.
  • Company street address.
  • Additional company details: revenue numbers, employee count, and ownership structure.

Your Education History

Employers like to have assurances that a given candidate really has the knowledge, skills, and abilities they claim to have. This is why it’s helpful to list the classes you’ve taken, groups you’ve joined,  certification tests you’ve passed, and degrees you’ve completed. Having this type of external validation for your skill set adds to your credibility.

To customize your resume and make filling out a detailed job application easier, I suggest you create a spreadsheet to list the formalized ways you continue learning and growing. 

I list my college degrees, Association of Talent Development (ATD) membership, a business analysis class I took, a vendor-specific train-the-trainer course I attended, and a few technical certifications.

 Here are the core details to gather on each line item:
  • Company/school.
  • Course or certification date.
  • Graduation/completion date.
  • Membership start and end dates (if applicable).
  • Expiration date (if applicable).
  • Notes.

Keep in mind that this list is intended to accommodate everything from a 1-hour seminar you took once upon a time on sales prospecting all the way to an advanced degree. You may want to make separate lists for different activity types. Use the format that works best for you. 

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Managing Your Professional References
  • The Layoff Lady: Customizing Your Resume for Each Job Application 
  • ​The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Job Search Insights By The Numbers After Layoff #7

9/16/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

An Eventful Job Search

After nine months of career transition and a few unexpected twists and turns, my seventh post-layoff job search ended successfully in gainful employment. 

Take a look at my lessons learned this time around. 

New Challenges

  • ​​The prevalence of remote work added a few new challenges and opportunities, to the job search process. For one, removing many geographic restrictions meant more available jobs. For another, more people applying for jobs nationwide means significantly more applicants (and more competition) for those available roles. 
  • For the first time in my career, I accepted an offer and later had the employer rescind that job offer.
  • I actually had two job searches. The search before I accepted job offer #1, then the period of me waiting for the job to start, followed by my re-launched job search and accepting job offer #2. It was like being laid off twice without ever even managing to start one of the jobs. 

My Post-Layoff Transitions: Duration

​People often ask how long a career transition lasts. To give a partial answer to that question, here is my unscientific, skewed-sample-size data on how long each of my periods of post-layoff career transition have lasted.

The time listed starts with my last day of work with my previous employer (aka "Layoff Day") and ends with my first workday in a new role:

  • October 10 - April 8, 180 days (6 months)
  • February 2 - May 27, 114 days (not quite 4 months)
  • June 5 - August 14, 70 days (just over 2 months)
  • October 16 - March 12, 147 days (not quite 5 months)
  • September 22 - December 2, 71 days  (just over 2 months)
  • March 8 - April 27, 50 days (not quite 2 months)
  • September 21 - June 12, 264 days (not quite 9 months)

Overall, my average time in career transition is 128 days (just over 4 months). 
Layoff #7 was the longest one I've had so far, and 3 months longer than my previous record.

Career Transition Duration: Contributing Factors

There are a few key factors that made this period of career transition longer than after my previous layoffs:
​
  • Time of year: 3 of the 4 times I have been laid off in the fall, I have not found a new role until after the holidays. In general, I find that if I have not accepted a new role before Thanksgiving, it takes me until at least March to land a job. Being unemployed over the holidays adds 1-2 months on to the total time in transition. 
  • Other layoffs: The flood of mortgage company and tech company layoffs starting in the fall of 2022 made the market very competitive with lots and lots of job seekers.
  • Initial focus on remote work only: Early in my job search, I was focusing primarily on roles with 100% remote work. I learned that many of these roles had hundreds of applications since now people from around the country, not just one localized geographic area, were applying. 

The Numbers: Job Applications and Interviews

Given that my previous employer was starting to make organizational changes, including a few rounds of "quiet layoffs," I started to keep an eye out for a new job starting in July of 2022, which I've included in this summary:

  • Total applications from July 2022 - June 2023: 159
  • Applications before layoff: 19
  • Applications after layoff and before accepting offer #1: 104
  • Number of companies who interviewed me at least once before offer #1: 16
  • Number of interviews from all companies before offer #1: 36
  • Job applications I half-heartedly submitted in between accepting offer #1 and having offer #1 rescinded: 11
  • Job applications after rescinded offer and before accepting offer #2: 25
  • Number of companies who interviewed me at least once after rescinded offer: 12
  • Number of interviews after rescinded offer: 20
  • ​Total number of interviews from all companies from July 2022 - June 2023: 56
  • ​​Most interviews with one company: 6
  • Number of final interviews: 4
  • ​Number of jobs where I was interviewing, and the position went on hold: 3
  • Number of jobs where I interviewed, then never heard from the company again: 3
  • Number of jobs where I interviewed, then found out they could not hire a Nebraska resident: 3

The Insights: More Opportunities, Fewer Interviews

One challenge during this job search is the newly added focus on work location--specifically the following labels: onsite, hybrid, and remote. Part of why I felt comfortable relocating from Minneapolis, MN to Omaha, NE in mid-2022 was the prevalence of remote work. I also realized that the definition of "remote" for companies can vary widely. As I reflect on my job search, I wonder how many positions I applied for with companies who were not interested in or able to hire someone who lives in my current state of residence. 

While there are, indeed, many remote jobs available in my chosen field of learning and development, I discovered first-hand that companies and job search sites are not necessarily aligned on what each of these words means. 


​Remote jobs mean more applications for me and way more competition:

  • With previous job searches, which were more limited by geographic area, my goal was to apply for 2 jobs a week. It was easier to prioritize roles.
  • With this job search, my goal was to apply for 3 jobs per week. Many weeks, there were easily 10 jobs from which to choose.
  • While I applied for significantly more jobs, I had a lower percentage of interviews as compared to applications.

The Numbers: Working With Recruiters

Remember, LinkedIn is your billboard to the world. Be sure to make your profile a good representation of what you bring to the table as a job candidate. Have a strong headline that includes the job title(s) that interest you and a few key skills.

​Have your professional summary in the About section, your work experiences, and at least a couple of sentences about each of your previous jobs. This is what recruiters will check after you apply. This is what may come up in a recruiter's search when they are sourcing candidates. Make this count. Here are the responses from recruiters this time around:
​
  • Number of recruiters who reached out to me about roles that made sense for me: 8
  • Number of recruiters who I then talked to about the aforementioned role: 3
  • Number of recruiters who I responded to right before they fell off the face of the earth: 5

My Re-Launched Job Search

In April, when I re-launched my job search, I changed my overall approach. 

  • I was open to a wider variety of job titles and placed a heavier focus on core responsibilities. 
  • I focused on companies with a presence in Nebraska.
  • I was more open to hybrid roles. 
  • I relied more heavily on formal and informal referrals. 

At this point in my job search, I had also built stronger relationships with my colleagues in my Omaha-area professional development groups. When I first launched my job search in the fall, I had only been in the area for 2 months. Between then and April, I had met more people in person, talked with them in meetings, presented to groups, and helped a few of them solve business problems. I'm sure getting to know me better and working alongside me helped them to feel more comfortable speaking to my skillset and recommending me as my job search progressed. 

My Overall Insights

  • Building and leveraging strong professional relationships can only make your job search better.
  • Being open to roles with an in-person component may give you a competitive advantage. 
  • Keep on doing the right things consistently. Remind yourself that over time, something will work out.
  • At the end of the day, you only need one job.  

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Job Search Insights By The Numbers After Layoff #4
  • The Layoff Lady: Post-Layoff Job Search Insights from Layoff #5
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Let's Talk Money: Your Target Salary Range

9/2/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Your Salary Requirements

Most of us work so we can pay for our lives. When you are job searching, it’s important to determine your target salary range to make your job search more effective. 

​​Having this information will help you prioritize which jobs to apply for and help you have those early salary conversations. Let’s look at a few strategies for answering the question, “What are your salary requirements?”

Start With Your Target Roles

First, ensure you’ve done the requisite amount of soul-searching to determine what you want to be next in your career. Have a list of what you want to do, possible job titles, relevant skills, core responsibilities, daily activities, focus areas, types of companies, and industries. Having these details on your desired job will help as you start to do salary research. 

The Disclaimer

While I feel comfortable discussing various financial and insurance concepts, I do not currently hold a license or any certification that deems me inherently qualified to give financial advice. The information provided here is intended to be used for educational purposes only. 

Sometimes, the core challenge is knowing how a system generally works, the terms used to describe what you’re asking about, and where to go for additional help. My goal for this article is to share information to guide you as you navigate the murky waters of  job searching. I hope my personal experiences can help you cut a path through the wilderness as you try to figure out your next steps.

Feel free to take my recommendations or not. Whatever you do, double-check my facts--and everyone's purported facts, for that matter. This is your life, and you will care more about your financial and healthcare decisions than anyone else. Use this information as a starting point for further research as you ultimately decide what’s right for you.

Identify Your Priorities

Now that you understand your target job and what that looks like, think about what you value in a job. 

For example, some may prioritize having a specific job title, receiving tuition reimbursement money to earn their next credential, and opportunities for a promotion within the company. Another person may prioritize having interesting work while also having schedule flexibility, the ability to work remotely most days, and low health insurance premiums. Still another person may prioritize alongside colleagues in an office, having the opportunity to mentor new employees, and finding a job they can keep for the next 20 years. Think about what is the most important to you.

​In addition, think about what you value in an employer.  Working for a non-profit, government entity, start-up, family business, or Fortune 500 company will have salary, benefit, job security, and total compensation-related implications.

Overall, think about what matters to you, and be aware of the salaries that align with your overall job preferences.

Factors That Influence Your Target Salary Range

When considering your salary requirements, I suggest using a range instead of one specific number. Let’s look at strategies for determining your target salary range. 

​Here are numbers you might have in mind that could impact your range:

  • What you need to make to pay your core monthly bills
  • The absolute minimum salary you are willing to accept
  • What you need, based on your budget, savings plan, and financial goals
  • The minimum salary you would happily accept
  • What you’ve made previously
  • What colleagues make
  • What you’ve seen listed in current job postings
  • What you think you are worth
  • What would you like to make
  • What you’d be really excited about 
  • Your dream salary

I suggest the salary range you share with potential employers includes the lower number that is the minum salary you would happily accept and the maximum number is what you'd be really excited about. 

What Companies Are Paying

Knowing what companies are paying for what you do should also factor in to your target salary range. Here are a few strategies for finding out more:

Search For Openings in Pay Transparency States

Take these steps to find out what open positions are paying:
​
  1. Search for your target job title and details in a major city in a state with pay transparency laws. I often search for San Francisco, CA or Denver, CO. 
  2. Find positions that most closely match your target job and details.
  3. Make a note ofthe minimum and maximum salary range numbers, and any descriptors the company has on what qualifications would push a candidate towards the upper end of the salary range.
  4. As needed, use a Cost of Living calculator to adjust the minum and maximum numbers for each role. Make a note of these numbers. 
  5. Repeat this process a few times to identify trends. 

Research Your Job Title and Geographic Location

Many websites have salary information. Two that come highly recommended by recruiters are Salary.com and Payscale.com. In fact, Salary.com has a Know Your Worth calculator where you can add details like your job title, location, education level, and years of experience and see the impact each factor has on your potential market value. 

Ask Around

Find out from other job searchers, recruiters, and hiring managers what salaries companies are paying for specific roles. You can also inquire with professional development organizations to see if there are industry or job-specific studies available that include salary-related information. 

Confounding Factors

Here are a few factors that might make this process challenging:

  • Salaries vary by industry, geographic region, job title, and individual company.
  • Not all companies (even those that are legally required to do so) always publish salary information on job postings.
  • During the application or interview process, companies may ask you for your salary requiements before you know their target salary range.
  • Some companies adjust salaries by geographical area for the same role, while others do not.
  • Titles are not used consistently across organizations. Titles may have varying responsibilities as well as salary levels.
  • Company benefits can range from few and expensive to plentiful and low-cost. Benefit costs can impact your take home pay significantly.
  • Not all interesting jobs will pay what you want them to pay.
  • Some companies will pay sinificantly lower or higher than the salary information you find. 
  • Not all companies, even with your target job title, will have salary ranges that align with yours. 

Learn More

  • Payscale.com: Cost of Living Calculator
  • Salary.com: Know Your Worth Calculator
  • Salary.com: Salary Transparency Laws by State
  • The Layoff Lady: Let's Talk Money: Salary and Total Compensation
  • The Layoff Lady: Interview Preparation: The Initial Phone Screen
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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My Top 3: Indispensable Job Search Tools

8/26/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Job Search Challenges

When you're looking for a new role, there is a lot to do to help move your job search along. Getting your resume where you want it to be, tracking application progress, and scheduling meetings with others can take a lot of time and effort. Here are three excellent tools to help manage, streamline, and optimize your job search. 

​The tools mentioned here all have a robust set of features in the free version with the option to pay for additional functionality. I'll focus on currently available features included as a part of the free version. ​Links for each tool are included in the "Learn More" section. 

Teal: Tracking Applications and Resume Updating

Teal is helpful in multiple aspects of my job search. Teal enables me to save jobs of interest, evaluate highlighted qualifications, and track my application progress with roles.

Here is how I use Teal in my job search:
​​
  • When I search for jobs on LinkedIn or Indeed, I use the Teal Chrome extension to bookmark roles of interest, which creates a record in Teal. 
  • Then, I read each job description, review keywords included in the listing, and prioritize jobs by rating them from one to five stars. 
  • Next, I use the keywords Teal highlights to customize my resume for the specific position. 
  • Then, after applying, I update my status in Teal to Applied and include any details in the notes. 
  • As I progress through the interview process, I update my job search status, add notes, and include details (like salary range and key people involved in the hiring process) to keep all information for each position in one place. 

Teal continues to evolve and add new features--and offers much more than I currently use. This is the cornerstone of how I track my current job-searching activities. 

Calendly: Managing Meeting Scheduling

Meeting with people during your job search can be very valuable. Whether you're meeting to learn more about a company, find out what tasks one does in a given line of work, or catch up with a former corworker, streamlining your scheduling process is a big timesaver. 

Enter Calendly. You can create a Calendly account, add your personal branding, and add language to describe yourself and what you want. You can also link Calendly with your Google Calendar and your webinar account (like Zoom or Google Meetup). Without paying an additional cost, you can select one free meeting type. I use the half-hour meeting, and I call mine "Virtual Coffee." It’s also helpful because our meeting can last as long as it needs to last (beyond that specified half hour) with no issues.

Within Calendly, you can set up your available days and times, choose how far out in the future people can schedule a meeting with you, and even decide how many meetings you are open to having on a given day. In addition, you can select the mode of the meeting (phone or online) and include a few questions to help clarify the goals of the meeting.

Here is how I use Calendly in my job search:
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  • When one of my LinkedIn connections expresses interest in meeting, I send them a link to my Calendly calendar. This eliminates the 2-10 messages we would otherwise send back and forth to determine when to meet.
  • They select a time that works for them from the times I provide that I know work for me. They also let me know if they would prefer to meet via Zoom or Phone, provide their contact information, and answer a couple of questions on the purpose of our meeting. 
  • Calendly sends each of us a meeting invitation, including the details they specified. If we're having a webinar, Calendly includes webinar information in the meeting request. 
  • Calendly has features to enable either of us to cancel or reschedule the meeting as needed. 
  • I include my Calendly link on the top of my resume alongside my other contact information to make it easier for a possible hiring manager or recruiter to find a time for us to talk. 

​Calendly automates key components of scheduling. With a minor setup on the front end, I can spend less time finding a meeting time and more time on other valuable job searching and networking tasks.

Grammarly: Clarifying Your Communications

Your job search is all about communicating your value to hiring managers and recruiters. Ensuring your writing is clear and correct is essential to demonstrate your professional value and credibility. Enter my new best friend, Grammarly. This spelling and grammar checker goes above and beyond what you may already have in word processing or email platforms. I run any communication I will put in front of job-searching influencers through Grammarly.

Here is how I use Calendly in my job search:
​

  • Each time I write or customize an email, I run it through Grammarly. It catches the times when I update a sentence to make it more applicable to a specific employer but forget to include enough of the right words to make an actual sentence. 
  • Each time I update my resume, I do one last Grammarly check to ensure I'm using the correct word and that it hangs together. I also remind Grammarly in that case that my statements are written correctly.
  • Each time I make a social media post, especially if I'm thinking and commenting as I write, to ensure that my final product is in actual human-readable sentences. 

Even this English major appreciates having Grammarly as a second set of eyes (or, in this case, AI) to polish my writing. 

Learn More

  • Teal
  • Calendly
  • Grammarly
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Managing Your Professional References

7/15/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

About References

When you’re getting ready to apply for jobs, at some point, those companies will ask for professional references. Some organizations will ask for references during the initial application. Other employers will ask as they approach the final stages of their interview process.  Let's look at how you can select and communicate well with these people who you want to vouch for you and your skills.

About Professional References

Your professional references will speak well of you and help potential employers see your value. While personal references are generally people who can vouch for your character, professional references can share their experience with you in a work-related capacity.  Typically, you'll need the names and contact information for three people who can share their experiences with you.

Selecting Your References

When selecting your professional references, here are a few ideas on who you may want to use:
  • Previous managers
  • Coworkers
  • Direct reports
  • Contacts from professional organizations
  • People with whom you've volunteered
  • Someone who is referring you for a role

Overall, it's helpful to find people who have worked for you doing relevant work (paid or volunteer) and who can attest to your skills. Here are a few of the people I have used a reference in the past:
  • A recent manager when I was in an individual contributor role.
  • A director who was not my immediate manager but who I collaborate with on projects
  • A colleague who I worked alongside when we each led different teams
  • A project manager who managed a team I was on
  • One of my direct reports
  • Someone who I interacted with while I volunteered for a professional development organization
  • Someone who was also a contractor for the same company I worked for
  • A parent who also volunteered to chaperone a school event  

Which References To Use

When I apply for jobs, I have two references I use consistently.
  • One is a colleague I've worked with at three different companies. I have worked with him for over ten years. I first had him as a trainee in a class, then we both worked at another company in different departments, then he was my direct report at another company.  He is one of my go-to references because he has seen me work in several roles, can comment on me as a leader, and has first-hand experience with my instructional design skills. 
  • One is a recent manager of mine.  I worked with her on a small team in a large organization. She can also attest to my skills as a learning consultant and in a technical role while commenting on how I work on project teams and meet deadlines. Having at least one former manager as a reference is essential. 

Depending on the role for which I am applying, I will choose which other reference might be the most helpful: 
  • For a role focused on finance, I might include a former colleague of mine who was a  retirement coach.  He and I have collaborated on projects, created financial education materials, and fine-tuned a process for coaching individuals on retirement planning concepts. 
  • For a role with a healthcare company with an opening for a technical trainer, I might include a former colleague of mine who used to work on the same team as me. Since she and I had worked together to co-facilitate classes, she could speak to the specific skills I would bring to the role. She could also refer me for that role as well. 
  • For a role focusing on career coaching and resume development, I might include a board member for a professional organization where I put together and regularly deliver content on career development. 

Overall, make sure that your references can speak to your skills as they might pertain to the specific job. 

Information To Include

Make sure to collect the following details on your potential references so you are ready to share it with possible employers:
  • First and last name
  • Current company and job title
  • LinkedIn profile (if available)
  • Phone number
  • Email address
  • Background information on your relationship

Asking People To Be Your Reference

Before you start giving out people's contact information, be sure to confirm they are okay with being your reference. I suggest doing this before a specific job asks for references. I usually send them a message via email, LinkedIn, or text that reads something like this:
---------------
Hi, [first name].  I'm launching my job search, and I'm wondering if you'd be willing to be one of my professional references. If so, please share the following contact information details with me:
  • Current company and job title
  • Preferred phone number
  • Preferred email address

Thanks for your help!
​​--------------

The Heads Up Message

After you have their initial permission to give out their name as a reference, be sure to also inform them if they should expect someone to reach out to them. In addition to letting them know who may contact them and the type of position, it's also good to share a reminder of your previous work relationship so they aren't scrambling. Here is an example of that type of message.
​---------------
Hi, [first name]. Thanks for being willing to be my reference!

I recently applied for a [job title] position with [company name]. I am in the final stages of their interview process, and they may contact you via phone or email.

As a reminder, you and I worked together at [company] from [date range] when I was a [my job title] and you were the [their job title].  

Thanks again!
​​---------------

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Customizing Your Resume for Each Job Application 
  • The Layoff Lady: Prioritizing Job Applications​​
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Talking About Your Target Job

7/8/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Your Target Job

As you begin your job search, you need to identify key characteristics of your target job. To begin, make sure you do a little soul-searching and have a clear picture of what you want from your next role. For guidance on how to go about that process, check out my article entitled, "​Career Planning: Figuring Out What You Want To Be Next." 

Here are a few of the main pieces of information that will help you move forward:

  • Your target job title
  • Working arrangements: hours per week, job location, remote/onsite/hybrid
  • Company size and industry
  • Key skills you want to use
  • Problems you want to help solve

About Your What I Want Statement

​Now, let’s figure out how to take that information and make it into a clear statement outlining key components of what you want. Remember, the purpose of this statement is to help you clearly communicate what you are looking for in your next work opportunity. The more you talk with people about what you want, the clearer the details of what you are looking for will become for you. 

Your What I Want Statement: Job Title

If you are targeting a specific job title, your What I Want statement might look like this:

  • I’m seeking a full-time technical writer role with a growing software company. I want to collaborate with product management to document new and existing product functionality. I also want to use my skills in knowledge management to optimize knowledge base searchability. 

  • I’m interested in finding a contract social media marketing consultant role where I can help a small to mid-sized business create their social media presence. I want to develop and execute a business strategy to grow audience size and engagement for TikTok and Instagram.

  • I’m currently seeking a full-time technical project manager position that is 100% remote or hybrid/onsite in Baltimore, MD. I would like to work in the telcom or communication industries supporting cyber security projects.

Each of these examples highlights a job title, type of organization, and even the specific skills each person would like to use in their new job. 

Your What I Want Statement: Open To Options

If you are open to multiple roles within different types of organizations, you will write your statement differently. For one, start with the soul searching you did and pinpointing key characteristics of what you want in your next job. Review your list, and prioritize which factors are the most important to you. It could be the type of company you’ll work for, the geographic area, work arrangements, or specific skills that you’ll use more.  

Focus your statement on the aspects that are most important to you. Here are a couple of examples that I have used in previous job searches:

Earlier pandemic, I used the following What I Want statement: 

  • I am seeking a 100% remote full-time learning and development position. I am interested in roles with larger organizations where I can be a strong contributor and leverage my skills in needs assessment, performance consulting, change management, instructional design, and learning facilitation. I am open to roles as a strong individual contributor, managing the learning function, or managing a team. Job titles that may be appropriate for me include Learning Consultant, Learning & Development Lead, or Training Manager. 

For another job search, I used the following What I Want statement: 

  • I’m searching for a Learning & Development role in the greater Omaha, NE area. I have a wide talent management skill set, and I am interested in roles that involve leading a team, player/coach, managing projects and programs, or acting as an individual contributor. My target job titles include Learning Consultant and Learning and Development Manager. I’m also open to similar job titles in the areas of L&D, sales enablement, or organizational development.

Overall, since I wasn't focused solely on one job title, I prioritized what mattered to me and went from there. Notice that I start with specifying the field, and the work arrangements that were most important to me. Then, I reviewed a few key skills I had that I wanted to use, and in one case talked mroe about the employer. Since the goal with these statements is to help communicate what you want, this is a good way to narrow it down so people are better able to help you in your job search. 

Using Your What I Want Statement

Writing a clear and concise What I Want statement can help you as you review job openings you encounter and empower you to prioritize your job applications to those that most closely align with your job search goals. You can also include a version of this statement in the following contexts: 
​
  • Your cover letter
  • Your LinkedIn About section (while in career transition)
  • Emails to recruiters, connections, or hiring managers inquiring about roles
  • Posts asking for assistance in finding a new job

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Career Planning - Figuring Out What You Want To Be Next
  • The Layoff Lady: What To Include on Your LinkedIn Profile
  • ​The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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Two Unfortunate Job Searching Truths and An Okay One (And How To Manage Each)

5/27/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

The Adventure of Finding a New Job

Whether you're gainfully employed but looking for the next right opportunity for you, or you're in career transition, job searching is hard. Here are three unfortunate job searching truths that can help you manage your mindset and emotions as you work through the ups and downs of this process. 

​Truth 1: Job Seeker Time Goes Slower Than Hiring Organization Time

When you're a hiring manager, you have a ton going on, and only one of those things is hiring a new person. You're still trying to manage your team, meet deadlines, troubleshoot customer problems, and juggle all the people you're considering for your open position. In an interview, when one candidate asks about the hiring process, you tell them you should know who will move on to the next steps in the process "by the end of this week"--and at the time, you believe that is a reasonable deadline. Then there is a software release with a bug that causes three meetings to be scheduled with big clients, or someone ends up out on sick leave unexpectedly, or your child has to be picked up from daycare with the flu. Friday comes and goes, and getting in touch with a candidate falls off your radar until the next week. 

Meanwhile, as a job seeker, you put a note on your calendar that you'll know one way or another by Friday. Then you analyze every syllable you uttered in the interview, hoping you didn't say anything awful. You rethink a facial expression you interpreted as approving and wonder if it really was that at all. You suffer through Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, secretly worrying that you will never find another job. Ever. 

Instead of spiraling, take action to get you closer to your goals.
​
After the interview, email the hiring manager a thank you message and consider sending them a LinkedIn connection request. Put a note on your calendar for a few days after the hiring manager said they would contact you. Reach out to them at that time, including a few pleasantries, reiterating your interest in the role, and asking for an update.

Will you get the job? It's hard to tell. Either way, you did your part. Remind yourself that you won't get every job you apply for, and reflect to see what you can learn from it. At the very least, pat yourself on the back that you didn't over-follow up (which is often worse than not following up at all), and be sure to focus on more than one job opportunity at a time.

In addition, network with three more people and apply for three more jobs.

Truth 2: It's Not "Your Job" Until You Receive A Paycheck

Inevitably as a job searcher, you run across it. THE job. It's the one you know is meant to be yours. It's perfect--easy commute, a great title, the go-to company, exactly what you are qualified (and want) to do. In your head, you think--this is MY job. You picture your new business cards, where you'll park, and how you'll introduce yourself as the "Director of Awesomeness" for this perfect company. If you're still working, you may be dreaming about the day you hand in your notice--or get excited knowing you won't have to finish a dreaded project because you'll be elsewhere. You think--why should I even bother applying for anything else because this one is SO my job!

Except, well, it's not actually your job yet. You're looking at it and seeing yourself in it, but it's not real. You don't work there. No one is sending you a paycheck for it. They don't even know your name yet. You may very well still work at your company in a few months when the project you're not excited about is due. While this MAY be the job you eventually get, it's not a done deal yet.

You know what else? It may not end up being your job. Apply for that job--even work hard to get it. Know, though, that you may end up not even getting called in for an interview. This doesn't mean you're not still an amazing professional with valuable qualifications. Remember, there are always many things going on when companies hire. There may be an internal candidate, a previous coworker of the hiring manager, someone who has a referral from a college friend, or someone who has even slightly more of a qualification that didn't make that job posting. 

Instead of spiraling, take action to get you closer to your goals.

Whenever you fall in love with a job or think of something as "your job,” make an extra effort to apply for additional jobs--or at least game out what happens if you do not get the job. If the job you see yourself in works out, great. If not, you're still working towards your ultimate goal of finding a new role (complete with a paycheck), whichever job that might be. 

In addition, network with three more people and apply for three more jobs

Truth 3: You Only Need One Job.

Applying for jobs is a process. Looking back at my records, I have typically applied for between 40 and 100 jobs when I've been in career transition. It's easy to get discouraged. If you're working and looking for something else, you might be more selective in your applications and feel especially attached to an opening you see. Remember, not every personal referral, application, or interview will lead to an offer.

Again--sometimes you apply and hear back a fat lot of nothing. Sometimes, you might get a quick rejection from a job only to see it reposted a week later. In those cases, it can be hard to see that they don't even have a good candidate, but they know it's not going to be me. That one smarts.

It's also hard when you interview for a role multiple times only to hear that you didn't get the job. Even though they genuinely liked you, you didn't get it. Maybe you were a close second, perhaps they went with an internal candidate, or they ended up not filling the position. There is so much rejection in the job search process that you’ll inevitably feel sad and like maybe there is no hope for you finding the right next job for you.

Instead of spiraling, take action to get you closer to your goals. 

At the end of the day, though, you only need one job, and one organization to tell you “Yes.” You only need one place where you and the employer agree to work together. Sometimes, it's helpful to remind yourself that all those no answers get you to the one yes you need. The trick is that you don't know which one will be that yes. You have to keep on keeping on until you find it.

In addition, network with three more people and apply for three more jobs.

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?" ​
  • The Layoff Lady: Managing Job Search Rejection
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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Prioritizing Job Applications

4/15/2025

1 Comment

 
By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

So Many Openings!

​Depending on your chosen field, and your preferred work arrangements, there are a lot of jobs for which you could apply. While remote work availability gives each job applicant many more work options, figuring out how to prioritize open positions can be overwhelming.

Here is my recommendation for evaluating open roles and prioritizing which job applications you submit.  

Searching for Available Jobs

In this scenario, we'll look at how someone in a role as a Training Specialist can sort through a the sea of job listings and prioritize which openings should recive applications. 
​
To begin, I searched on Indeed.com for the job title Training Specialist. This search generated these results: 
​
  • 43 jobs listed within 25 miles of Omaha, NE.
  • 588 jobs categorized as remote. 
​
Without superpowers, it is not feasible to apply for 631 jobs in one week. 

Time to Apply and Available Time

Personally, when I decide to apply for a given role, I take about 30 minutes to research the company, customize my resume, and complete my formal application. In a given week, there are 7 days, which is 168 hours. There are not enough hours in a week for me to apply for that many jobs.

Even if I somehow managed not to eat, sleep, or do even the most basic self-care, I could only apply for 336 jobs. 

Closer to the realm of feasibility, if I decided to dedicate a full 40 hours per week solely to applying for jobs, I could apply for 80 jobs—but definitely not well. In addition, working this long and this hard solely on submitting applications can put you on the fast track to burnout. Even half that, dedicating 20 hours solely to applying for jobs, and applying for 40 jobs in a given week, is most likely overkill.

If you're currently in career transition and not working full time, you cuould probably dedicate 20 hours a week to job searching. I would argue, though, that even 20 hours solely focused on applying for jobs is probably more than anyone can do well. If you're currently working full time, I'm guessing that even if you did dedicate 20 hours, your results would not be stellar after working full time and any other non-job searching life activities you decide to take on.

More Is Not Necessarily Better

​The more jobs I try to apply for in rapid succession, the less effective I am. While applying for jobs is in some respects, a numbers game, it’s not as easy as applying to all the jobs and knowing that one will work out. This strategy often causes people to waste time applying for roles that aren't a close enough fit.

A better strategy is to prioritize jobs that are the best match for your skills and what you want and focus on applying for those well. 

When I'm in career transition, my goal is usually to apply for three jobs per week. However, if I see several great opportunities or have not searched for a job in a while, I may apply for as many as six. Beyond that, though, my application quality suffers. ​

Prioritizing Applications

​To apply for jobs well, you need to determine the best way to prioritize your applications. Instead of the “spray and pray” approach, think through what you want and apply with more purpose. This approach favors quality over quantity and will help you focus your efforts on where you can get better overall results for your time investment.

Step 1:  Know Key Characteristics of What You Want

Early in your job search, it’s essential to do at least a little soul-searching and be able to articulate what you want. This may include revisiting your values, identifying your strengths, and thinking about the work you enjoy.
 
For example, earlier career Brenda would have a list something like this on what she wanted from a role:

  • Training specialist or related position.
  • Within 25 miles of home or 100% remote with up to 25% travel.
  • Full-time role with benefits and within my established salary range.
  • Opportunities for promotion and advancement.
  • Working in the software, finance, healthcare, or insurance industry.
  • I would rather focus on training design and delivery than only delivering training that other people have designed.
  • I would prefer not to have my main focus be compliance training, developing eLearning, LMS administration, resolving help desk tickets, writing technical documentation, dealing with customer complaints, or recordkeeping.

Having a stated list of preferences, and continuing to hone it as you learn more, is your first step in determining which jobs to target. 

Step 2: Narrowing Your Search

Let's go back to those 631 search results from my Training Specialist searches. By adding additional search parameters, we can narrow our results to jobs that  more specifically meet our criteria:

Starting with those 43 roles in Omaha: 
  • Specifying a full-time role takes me down to 37 jobs
  • Putting quotes around "Training Specialist" (to specify those actual words need to be in my results) takes me down to 19 jobs
  • Showing only jobs posted within the last two weeks takes me down to 12 jobs

Starting with those 588 remote jobs:
​
  • Specifying a full-time role takes me down to 391 jobs
  • Putting quotes around "Training Specialist" (to specify those actual words need to be in my results) takes me down to 102 jobs
  • Showing only jobs posted within the last two weeks takes me down to 45 jobs

Step 3: Quick Job Listing Review

Now that I have a more reasonable number of jobs to go through (12 and 45--57 total), I start to do a cursory review of the short descriptions of each role. 

No
  • I rule out these jobs because the job titles show the roles are outside of my area of focus: Cement Manufacturing Safety Training Coordinator, Auto Glass Repair Specialist (Paid Training), and Clinical Training Specialist (for a registered nurse).
  • I rule out one because it is a longer commute than I want, one requires a license I do not have (or want to pursue) and one in a field that doesn't interest me. 
  • I rule out a few because the stated salary is significantly outside of my target salary range. 

Yes
  • Those that appeal to me at a glance, I add to TealHQ. Teal is a free service to track jobs, note progress on applications, and make notes on interactions. One feature I especially like with Teal is that when you add a job, it notes keywords included in the job descriptions and any listed salary range.
  • I add jobs including Technical Training Specialist I-III (remote/Hybrid), Commercial Lines Training Specialist, and a few Training Specialist roles.
  • ​For now, I add jobs that interest me into TealHQ. However, I err on the side of adding something for further consideration.

I have now reduced the number of jobs that interest me to 31 roles.

Step 4: More Detailed Job Listing Review

Now that I have those 31 jobs in Teal, I look more closely at the following:
​
  • Identifying the work arrangements (onsite, hybrid, remote) and comments about these within the job description.
  • Ensuring I have the required and many top skills listed.
  • Assessing if the roles look like a good overall fit.
  • Noting any information about salary range.

I remove jobs where I am not eligible. This includes the following:

  • A required credential I don't currently possess or want to pursue.
  • A hybrid role in a state where I do not live. 
  • An organization who can not hire someone who lives in my current state of residence.

I remove jobs with anything that might be a dealbreaker for me. This includes the following:

  • A focus area that doesn't appeal to me.
  • A commute that I won't be happy with longer term. 
  • A job description that asks for a wide variety of skills with a low salary.

For the remaining jobs, I give them an initial rating of 1-5 stars and make notes on any areas I might want to explore further.

I now have 18 jobs in Teal. 

Step 5: A Little More Research

Next, I investigate a few things outside of the immediate job descriptions. 

  • I visit LinkedIn and see if I know anyone with the company who could give me additional information, put in a good word for me, or refer me for a role.
  • For a remote role that doesn't include a list of eligible states, I search LinkedIn to see if the company has employees who are currently living in my state of residence. This may indicate if they can hire people in my state.
  • I follow the company on LinkedIn and anyone involved in the hiring process.
  • I click the apply link to ensure it works, the position is still open, and they are still accepting applications.
  • I do a quick Google News search on the organization to see if and how they show up in the news. 
​
Now, I have 13 jobs In Teal.

Step 6: Customize a Resume and Prepare to Apply

​From the 13 jobs I have listed, I will apply for the jobs I'm most excited about and continue to reassess other openings listed. I will also add, remove, reprioritize, and take notes on specific roles as needed. 

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Career Planning - Figuring Out What You Want To Be Next 
  • TealHQ.com
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​​
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Three Questions Your Resume Should Answer

4/8/2025

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​By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Resume Observations

Recently, I have talked with several colleagues who are proactively updating their resumes just in case. After we chat about what kind of a position interests them, I often share a few additional tips about how to customize a resume to apply for a specific job. 

​As a many-time hiring manager, I have seen lots of bad and lots of sort-of-okay, and just a few resumes that were really, really good. For me, a resume needs to answer three fundamental questions in order to position the candidate for success. Having a resume that addresses each of these will help get you out of the no pile and into the “I am excited to talk with them” pile.

Question 1: Does This Person Want This Job?

In a previous job working at a software company, I was working on filling an instructional designer position on my team. I received one resume where the person’s career objective stated that they wanted to be a curator at a museum. The good news: this person knew what they wanted and made it clear in their resume. The bad news: I was not searching for a museum curator.

Most (like maybe a good half) of resumes that end up in the “no” pile are so nondescript that they could be applying for any number of office positions. Once, when I was hiring for a technical trainer position, I received a resume for someone with a lot of experience working as a corrections officer. The good news: this person had many potentially transferable skills. The bad news: I didn’t know if this person was interested in this particular role or was mass applying for anything that wasn’t their current job.

​Overall, make sure you customize your resume just enough so the hiring manager can see that you are interested in the role they have available. Given how costly a bad hire can be, help the hiring manager (and your chances at getting an interview) by reassuring them you applied for their opening on purpose. 

Question 2: Can This Person Do The Job?

Once I know a given candidate wants the job, I look for indicators that the person has the skills to do the job. Some candidates’ work experience is neat and tidy and points logically toward the open role. For example, they were a call center representative, then a senior call center representative, then a call center supervisor, then a call center manager. If they were applying for a call center manager position, from their job titles alone, I could be reasonably sure they could do the job. 

If the candidate did not have obvious work experience in a similar role, I need them to help me connect the dots. I’d expect them to explain to me how their previous education and jobs prepared them for this role. For example, if I’m hiring for an instructional designer position, the job description might include “collaborate with subject matter experts to create learning materials for client-facing courses.”

If someone with a background as a teacher applies, I need them to help me understand how their previous work experience relates to the available position. For example, they might include “collaborated with subject matter experts in the media center to create learning materials for a course for parents on encouraging their children to read more.” Without emphasizing those transferable skills, I might not realize they could perform the required tasks. Help the hiring manager by making the tie between your skills and the role for which you are applying clear.

Question 3: If I Hire Them, Will They Stick Around?

Filling an open position can take a long time and is a huge gamble. The goal is to find someone who wants the job, can do it, and will want to be in that position (or a part of your organization) for a good long time.

This part of resume assessment is teeing up the phone screen and helping me determine the questions I need to ask. For example, will this salary be in line with their desired salary range? Will they be happy working from the office or working from home for the amount required? Will they work well with this organization's structure and formality level? Will they want to travel as much (or as little) as is needed with this job? Are they going to be happy managing or not managing people? As a hiring manager, details in the resume are helpful as a starting point for those questions. 

Sharing information on what you want in a role, and drawing comparisons between the role you're applying for and what you want, will help make this process easier for all involved. 

Learn More

  • ​The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​​
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