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Career Transition Time Management Strategies

9/23/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

You Can't Do It All

During your job search, there are always a ton of things you could be doing. Unfortunately, there is not enough time to do everything you could possibly do. Therefore, it’s crucial to manage your time. This helps make sure you are doing the highest value activities that will get you closer to your goal of landing a new job. Let's look at a few helpful strategies.

Saying No

One of the best time management strategies is the simple act of saying no. When you’re in between paid gigs, people may go out of their way to find ways to occupy “all that free time” you have. Being raised to be a nice, pleasant human being, I have a long history of saying yes to things I shouldn’t have. While saying no can be difficult, in your role as the CEO of You, it’s your job to prioritize your time wisely to help you achieve your goals.
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You might want to say no to doing extra volunteer work for your child’s school, church, or favorite charitable cause. You might want to skip helping someone landscape their yard, paint their house, or move. You might want to refrain from attending an additional school play, driving an extra carpool shift, or chaperoning one more event. In short, you get to spend your time in whatever activities bring you joy and/or get you closer to finding a new job. Ensure you align your time with your goals and do not take on additional tasks out of a sense of guilt, obligation, or good old-fashion task avoidance. Remember, no is a complete sentence.

Creating Your Schedule

One benefit of working for someone else (aside from, you know, the whole getting paid thing) is that it gives your life structure. When you’re in career transition, making yourself some kind of schedule is valuable. It doesn’t have to be rigid or rigorous. Having more structure is helpful when you’re struggling. Systems help because they give you some idea of what to do with yourself if and when your plans change. Even if you don’t follow your schedule to the letter, having a plan for your time can help address your need for order and give you a sense of accomplishment. 

Blocking Off Time

If I have a blank calendar, I have difficulty accomplishing anything because I have too little structure. Conversely, if I overschedule myself, I will be frustrated because it feels ridig. Blocking off time for dedicated activities is how I balance the two extremes.

During these time blocks, which are usually 1-2 hours long (for me), I focus on the task at hand. For example, when I'm in career transition, I might search for new open positions, customize my resume for a certain role, or write a few thank you messages. Making an appointment with myself helps me get things done.
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I also block out time for fun activities. Whether when the roller skating rink is open, when my coffee group is meeting, or an hour to walk on a nice day, blocking off time helps me prioritize valuable activities that bring me joy.

Batching Work

I also find that there are similar tasks I need to do regularly that go well together. Work batching helps me increase my efficiency and accomplish more. Here are a few examples of the kind of work I batch when I'm in career transition:

  • Searching for open positions: I spend a half hour looking for jobs and bookmarking those that meet my basic requirements. If I’m not sure about a role, I’ll bookmark it for now and revisit it alongside similar positions later.
  • Prioritizing applications: Later, I'll spend a half hour reviewing my bookmarked jobs. At that time, I read them more closely, eliminate the less desirable ones, and select which higher-value job applications I will submit.
  • Applying for jobs: With my now prioritized list, I start with my basic resume, review the job description, personalize the professional summary and skills sections of my resume, then apply. I then update my status on my spreadsheet. I repeat this for the other jobs I will apply for in a given week.

​Grouping tasks tends to improve efficiency and boost productivity. 

Setting a Timer

Most people’s productivity decreases the longer they work on the same task. One way to use your time more consciously is by using a timer. For example, I set a timer for 50 minutes, then take a 10-minute break. This way, I have a set time to focus, but I also know it won’t last forever. In addition, if I’m spinning on a task and not accomplishing anything, taking that 10-minute break usually gets me out of that thought trap.
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During my break, I switch gears. I stand up, stretch, or take a few deep breaths. Sometimes, I’ll even do a quick beta task, like folding towels, before returning to my alpha work. When my timer goes off and my break ends, I begin again. Breaks can work wonders to stop you from spiraling by helping you re-engage with a given task. 

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: My Top 3 Indespensible Job Search Tools
  • The Layoff Lady: Customizing Your Resume For Each Job Application
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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Job Search Insights By The Numbers After Layoff #7

9/16/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

An Eventful Job Search

After nine months of career transition and a few unexpected twists and turns, my seventh post-layoff job search ended successfully in gainful employment. 

Take a look at my lessons learned this time around. 

New Challenges

  • ​​The prevalence of remote work added a few new challenges and opportunities, to the job search process. For one, removing many geographic restrictions meant more available jobs. For another, more people applying for jobs nationwide means significantly more applicants (and more competition) for those available roles. 
  • For the first time in my career, I accepted an offer and later had the employer rescind that job offer.
  • I actually had two job searches. The search before I accepted job offer #1, then the period of me waiting for the job to start, followed by my re-launched job search and accepting job offer #2. It was like being laid off twice without ever even managing to start one of the jobs. 

My Post-Layoff Transitions: Duration

​People often ask how long a career transition lasts. To give a partial answer to that question, here is my unscientific, skewed-sample-size data on how long each of my periods of post-layoff career transition have lasted.

The time listed starts with my last day of work with my previous employer (aka "Layoff Day") and ends with my first workday in a new role:

  • October 10 - April 8, 180 days (6 months)
  • February 2 - May 27, 114 days (not quite 4 months)
  • June 5 - August 14, 70 days (just over 2 months)
  • October 16 - March 12, 147 days (not quite 5 months)
  • September 22 - December 2, 71 days  (just over 2 months)
  • March 8 - April 27, 50 days (not quite 2 months)
  • September 21 - June 12, 264 days (not quite 9 months)

Overall, my average time in career transition is 128 days (just over 4 months). 
Layoff #7 was the longest one I've had so far, and 3 months longer than my previous record.

Career Transition Duration: Contributing Factors

There are a few key factors that made this period of career transition longer than after my previous layoffs:
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  • Time of year: 3 of the 4 times I have been laid off in the fall, I have not found a new role until after the holidays. In general, I find that if I have not accepted a new role before Thanksgiving, it takes me until at least March to land a job. Being unemployed over the holidays adds 1-2 months on to the total time in transition. 
  • Other layoffs: The flood of mortgage company and tech company layoffs starting in the fall of 2022 made the market very competitive with lots and lots of job seekers.
  • Initial focus on remote work only: Early in my job search, I was focusing primarily on roles with 100% remote work. I learned that many of these roles had hundreds of applications since now people from around the country, not just one localized geographic area, were applying. 

The Numbers: Job Applications and Interviews

Given that my previous employer was starting to make organizational changes, including a few rounds of "quiet layoffs," I started to keep an eye out for a new job starting in July of 2022, which I've included in this summary:

  • Total applications from July 2022 - June 2023: 159
  • Applications before layoff: 19
  • Applications after layoff and before accepting offer #1: 104
  • Number of companies who interviewed me at least once before offer #1: 16
  • Number of interviews from all companies before offer #1: 36
  • Job applications I half-heartedly submitted in between accepting offer #1 and having offer #1 rescinded: 11
  • Job applications after rescinded offer and before accepting offer #2: 25
  • Number of companies who interviewed me at least once after rescinded offer: 12
  • Number of interviews after rescinded offer: 20
  • ​Total number of interviews from all companies from July 2022 - June 2023: 56
  • ​​Most interviews with one company: 6
  • Number of final interviews: 4
  • ​Number of jobs where I was interviewing, and the position went on hold: 3
  • Number of jobs where I interviewed, then never heard from the company again: 3
  • Number of jobs where I interviewed, then found out they could not hire a Nebraska resident: 3

The Insights: More Opportunities, Fewer Interviews

One challenge during this job search is the newly added focus on work location--specifically the following labels: onsite, hybrid, and remote. Part of why I felt comfortable relocating from Minneapolis, MN to Omaha, NE in mid-2022 was the prevalence of remote work. I also realized that the definition of "remote" for companies can vary widely. As I reflect on my job search, I wonder how many positions I applied for with companies who were not interested in or able to hire someone who lives in my current state of residence. 

While there are, indeed, many remote jobs available in my chosen field of learning and development, I discovered first-hand that companies and job search sites are not necessarily aligned on what each of these words means. 


​Remote jobs mean more applications for me and way more competition:

  • With previous job searches, which were more limited by geographic area, my goal was to apply for 2 jobs a week. It was easier to prioritize roles.
  • With this job search, my goal was to apply for 3 jobs per week. Many weeks, there were easily 10 jobs from which to choose.
  • While I applied for significantly more jobs, I had a lower percentage of interviews as compared to applications.

The Numbers: Working With Recruiters

Remember, LinkedIn is your billboard to the world. Be sure to make your profile a good representation of what you bring to the table as a job candidate. Have a strong headline that includes the job title(s) that interest you and a few key skills.

​Have your professional summary in the About section, your work experiences, and at least a couple of sentences about each of your previous jobs. This is what recruiters will check after you apply. This is what may come up in a recruiter's search when they are sourcing candidates. Make this count. Here are the responses from recruiters this time around:
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  • Number of recruiters who reached out to me about roles that made sense for me: 8
  • Number of recruiters who I then talked to about the aforementioned role: 3
  • Number of recruiters who I responded to right before they fell off the face of the earth: 5

My Re-Launched Job Search

In April, when I re-launched my job search, I changed my overall approach. 

  • I was open to a wider variety of job titles and placed a heavier focus on core responsibilities. 
  • I focused on companies with a presence in Nebraska.
  • I was more open to hybrid roles. 
  • I relied more heavily on formal and informal referrals. 

At this point in my job search, I had also built stronger relationships with my colleagues in my Omaha-area professional development groups. When I first launched my job search in the fall, I had only been in the area for 2 months. Between then and April, I had met more people in person, talked with them in meetings, presented to groups, and helped a few of them solve business problems. I'm sure getting to know me better and working alongside me helped them to feel more comfortable speaking to my skillset and recommending me as my job search progressed. 

My Overall Insights

  • Building and leveraging strong professional relationships can only make your job search better.
  • Being open to roles with an in-person component may give you a competitive advantage. 
  • Keep on doing the right things consistently. Remind yourself that over time, something will work out.
  • At the end of the day, you only need one job.  

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Job Search Insights By The Numbers After Layoff #4
  • The Layoff Lady: Post-Layoff Job Search Insights from Layoff #5
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Your Weekly Job Search To Do List

9/9/2025

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by Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

A Harsh Truth About Job Searching

Whether you are employed and searching for a role that is a better match or in a post-layoff career transition, job searching has many challenges. Perhaps the most frustrating part is that you can't control when you will get a new job. The whole process takes as long as it takes. To make the waiting and uncertainty more bearable, focusing on the aspects of your job search you can control is helpful. 

Measuring Success

When working toward a goal, it's always helpful to identify your goals and track your progress toward those goals. This will also help you to evaluate what you are doing and adjust as needed to help you see greater success. There are two kinds of indicators to help measure success: leading indicators and lagging indicators. 

When working toward a goal, most people focus on lagging indicators. In a work setting, if I deliver a training session to help boost product sales, future sales numbers are a lagging indicator. Many factors contributing to future sales are outside my control—like what competing products exist, commission rates, or market conditions. Ultimately, sales numbers are a lagging indicator of success because they show up later on.

Focusing on lagging indicators is how we are encouraged to measure progress in much of life. We look to the scale to show us if we lost weight, our temperature to see if we are healthy, and an accepted job offer as proof of results. While these are all the ultimate measures of success, they are the outputs of many tangible factors we can track and control. Which brings us to...

Along the way, it’s more helpful to focus on leading indicators. These are the easily measurable, countable, check-off-able items that are within your control. In my sales training scenario, leading indicators of success would include holding the training session, the number of attendees, knowledge check results from each participant, and the presence of a reference document. I can control all of these things, count them, and check off tasks completed.

Focusing on the right leading indicators doesn't guarantee I'll achieve my lagging indicators of increased sales, but that success is more likely to happen. Similarly, if I commit to the daily tasks of walking for 30 minutes, eating 5 servings of vegetables, and drinking 64 ounces of water per day, I am positioning myself for more success in my weight loss goal. Those right actions, and tweaking them as needed, will eventually lead to that number on the scale moving in the right direction. 

Job Search: Lagging Indicators

Within the context of a job search, here are a few lagging indicators of job search progress. You can also not directly control these actions happening:

  • Finding a current employee to refer me for a specific job at their company.
  • Getting a collegues to put in a good word for me with a potential employer.
  • Hearing back from an employer about an initial interview.
  • Being invited to a follow-up or final job interview.
  • Recieving a job offer.

All these lagging are definitive, and are indicators of legitimate progress toward getting a new job. You also can not directly make any of these things happen. 

Ways to Achieve the Bigger Goal

During your job search, it's important to focus on activities that can position you to reach those milestones. Here are the broad areas you can impact:
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  • Build or strengthen networking connections with people who work in my industry or for a possible employer (which may lead to a referral)
  • Highlight my professional skillset through my LinkedIn profile (which may lead to an employer reaching out about an open position)
  • Apply for jobs that are a good fit for me (which may lead to a call back)
  • Improve how I position my work experience (which may lead to my resume being selected for an initial phone screen)

Job Search: Leading Indicators. 

Now, turn those squishier ideas into leading indicators. Do this by creating specific, countable, check-off-able tasks on your to-do list. Here are a few examples: 

  • On LinkedIn, spend 15 minutes each weekday reacting to and commenting on posts made by my connections and companies that I follow.
  • On LinkedIn, make a post each Tuesday at 10:00 am that starts with a sentence about a valuable skill I have and includes a link to an article about that skill. 
  • On LinkedIn, make a post each Thursday at 2:00 pm that includes a work-relevant inspirational quote.
  • On LinkedIn, send five requests to connect with new people each week.
  • Identify five jobs that meet my job search criteria.
  • Apply for three jobs with tailored resumes.
  • On LinkedIn, follow the LinkedIn page for each company where I apply.
  • Take part in at least one professional development activity per week.

Having this list of tangible actions to take will keep you on track to achieve your goal of finding a new job.

Keep On Doing The Right Things

Some weeks, you do a lot of waiting, which makes you feel like you are terrible at everything and destined to be stuck right where you are. Other weeks, people will trip over one another clamoring to talk with you about yet another amazing job opportunity. During those weeks, you feel like this is all easy and you can do no wrong. Stay the course and keep on keeping on knowing that eventually something will pop.

What Do You Think? 

How do you sustain momentum during your job search? Share your thoughts in the comments. 

Learn More

  • ​Book: Atomic Habits: An Easy and Proven Way To Build Good Habits and Break Bad Ones 
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Let's Talk Money: Your Target Salary Range

9/2/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Your Salary Requirements

Most of us work so we can pay for our lives. When you are job searching, it’s important to determine your target salary range to make your job search more effective. 

​​Having this information will help you prioritize which jobs to apply for and help you have those early salary conversations. Let’s look at a few strategies for answering the question, “What are your salary requirements?”

Start With Your Target Roles

First, ensure you’ve done the requisite amount of soul-searching to determine what you want to be next in your career. Have a list of what you want to do, possible job titles, relevant skills, core responsibilities, daily activities, focus areas, types of companies, and industries. Having these details on your desired job will help as you start to do salary research. 

The Disclaimer

While I feel comfortable discussing various financial and insurance concepts, I do not currently hold a license or any certification that deems me inherently qualified to give financial advice. The information provided here is intended to be used for educational purposes only. 

Sometimes, the core challenge is knowing how a system generally works, the terms used to describe what you’re asking about, and where to go for additional help. My goal for this article is to share information to guide you as you navigate the murky waters of  job searching. I hope my personal experiences can help you cut a path through the wilderness as you try to figure out your next steps.

Feel free to take my recommendations or not. Whatever you do, double-check my facts--and everyone's purported facts, for that matter. This is your life, and you will care more about your financial and healthcare decisions than anyone else. Use this information as a starting point for further research as you ultimately decide what’s right for you.

Identify Your Priorities

Now that you understand your target job and what that looks like, think about what you value in a job. 

For example, some may prioritize having a specific job title, receiving tuition reimbursement money to earn their next credential, and opportunities for a promotion within the company. Another person may prioritize having interesting work while also having schedule flexibility, the ability to work remotely most days, and low health insurance premiums. Still another person may prioritize alongside colleagues in an office, having the opportunity to mentor new employees, and finding a job they can keep for the next 20 years. Think about what is the most important to you.

​In addition, think about what you value in an employer.  Working for a non-profit, government entity, start-up, family business, or Fortune 500 company will have salary, benefit, job security, and total compensation-related implications.

Overall, think about what matters to you, and be aware of the salaries that align with your overall job preferences.

Factors That Influence Your Target Salary Range

When considering your salary requirements, I suggest using a range instead of one specific number. Let’s look at strategies for determining your target salary range. 

​Here are numbers you might have in mind that could impact your range:

  • What you need to make to pay your core monthly bills
  • The absolute minimum salary you are willing to accept
  • What you need, based on your budget, savings plan, and financial goals
  • The minimum salary you would happily accept
  • What you’ve made previously
  • What colleagues make
  • What you’ve seen listed in current job postings
  • What you think you are worth
  • What would you like to make
  • What you’d be really excited about 
  • Your dream salary

I suggest the salary range you share with potential employers includes the lower number that is the minum salary you would happily accept and the maximum number is what you'd be really excited about. 

What Companies Are Paying

Knowing what companies are paying for what you do should also factor in to your target salary range. Here are a few strategies for finding out more:

Search For Openings in Pay Transparency States

Take these steps to find out what open positions are paying:
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  1. Search for your target job title and details in a major city in a state with pay transparency laws. I often search for San Francisco, CA or Denver, CO. 
  2. Find positions that most closely match your target job and details.
  3. Make a note ofthe minimum and maximum salary range numbers, and any descriptors the company has on what qualifications would push a candidate towards the upper end of the salary range.
  4. As needed, use a Cost of Living calculator to adjust the minum and maximum numbers for each role. Make a note of these numbers. 
  5. Repeat this process a few times to identify trends. 

Research Your Job Title and Geographic Location

Many websites have salary information. Two that come highly recommended by recruiters are Salary.com and Payscale.com. In fact, Salary.com has a Know Your Worth calculator where you can add details like your job title, location, education level, and years of experience and see the impact each factor has on your potential market value. 

Ask Around

Find out from other job searchers, recruiters, and hiring managers what salaries companies are paying for specific roles. You can also inquire with professional development organizations to see if there are industry or job-specific studies available that include salary-related information. 

Confounding Factors

Here are a few factors that might make this process challenging:

  • Salaries vary by industry, geographic region, job title, and individual company.
  • Not all companies (even those that are legally required to do so) always publish salary information on job postings.
  • During the application or interview process, companies may ask you for your salary requiements before you know their target salary range.
  • Some companies adjust salaries by geographical area for the same role, while others do not.
  • Titles are not used consistently across organizations. Titles may have varying responsibilities as well as salary levels.
  • Company benefits can range from few and expensive to plentiful and low-cost. Benefit costs can impact your take home pay significantly.
  • Not all interesting jobs will pay what you want them to pay.
  • Some companies will pay sinificantly lower or higher than the salary information you find. 
  • Not all companies, even with your target job title, will have salary ranges that align with yours. 

Learn More

  • Payscale.com: Cost of Living Calculator
  • Salary.com: Know Your Worth Calculator
  • Salary.com: Salary Transparency Laws by State
  • The Layoff Lady: Let's Talk Money: Salary and Total Compensation
  • The Layoff Lady: Interview Preparation: The Initial Phone Screen
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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My Top 3: Indispensable Job Search Tools

8/26/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Job Search Challenges

When you're looking for a new role, there is a lot to do to help move your job search along. Getting your resume where you want it to be, tracking application progress, and scheduling meetings with others can take a lot of time and effort. Here are three excellent tools to help manage, streamline, and optimize your job search. 

​The tools mentioned here all have a robust set of features in the free version with the option to pay for additional functionality. I'll focus on currently available features included as a part of the free version. ​Links for each tool are included in the "Learn More" section. 

Teal: Tracking Applications and Resume Updating

Teal is helpful in multiple aspects of my job search. Teal enables me to save jobs of interest, evaluate highlighted qualifications, and track my application progress with roles.

Here is how I use Teal in my job search:
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  • When I search for jobs on LinkedIn or Indeed, I use the Teal Chrome extension to bookmark roles of interest, which creates a record in Teal. 
  • Then, I read each job description, review keywords included in the listing, and prioritize jobs by rating them from one to five stars. 
  • Next, I use the keywords Teal highlights to customize my resume for the specific position. 
  • Then, after applying, I update my status in Teal to Applied and include any details in the notes. 
  • As I progress through the interview process, I update my job search status, add notes, and include details (like salary range and key people involved in the hiring process) to keep all information for each position in one place. 

Teal continues to evolve and add new features--and offers much more than I currently use. This is the cornerstone of how I track my current job-searching activities. 

Calendly: Managing Meeting Scheduling

Meeting with people during your job search can be very valuable. Whether you're meeting to learn more about a company, find out what tasks one does in a given line of work, or catch up with a former corworker, streamlining your scheduling process is a big timesaver. 

Enter Calendly. You can create a Calendly account, add your personal branding, and add language to describe yourself and what you want. You can also link Calendly with your Google Calendar and your webinar account (like Zoom or Google Meetup). Without paying an additional cost, you can select one free meeting type. I use the half-hour meeting, and I call mine "Virtual Coffee." It’s also helpful because our meeting can last as long as it needs to last (beyond that specified half hour) with no issues.

Within Calendly, you can set up your available days and times, choose how far out in the future people can schedule a meeting with you, and even decide how many meetings you are open to having on a given day. In addition, you can select the mode of the meeting (phone or online) and include a few questions to help clarify the goals of the meeting.

Here is how I use Calendly in my job search:
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  • When one of my LinkedIn connections expresses interest in meeting, I send them a link to my Calendly calendar. This eliminates the 2-10 messages we would otherwise send back and forth to determine when to meet.
  • They select a time that works for them from the times I provide that I know work for me. They also let me know if they would prefer to meet via Zoom or Phone, provide their contact information, and answer a couple of questions on the purpose of our meeting. 
  • Calendly sends each of us a meeting invitation, including the details they specified. If we're having a webinar, Calendly includes webinar information in the meeting request. 
  • Calendly has features to enable either of us to cancel or reschedule the meeting as needed. 
  • I include my Calendly link on the top of my resume alongside my other contact information to make it easier for a possible hiring manager or recruiter to find a time for us to talk. 

​Calendly automates key components of scheduling. With a minor setup on the front end, I can spend less time finding a meeting time and more time on other valuable job searching and networking tasks.

Grammarly: Clarifying Your Communications

Your job search is all about communicating your value to hiring managers and recruiters. Ensuring your writing is clear and correct is essential to demonstrate your professional value and credibility. Enter my new best friend, Grammarly. This spelling and grammar checker goes above and beyond what you may already have in word processing or email platforms. I run any communication I will put in front of job-searching influencers through Grammarly.

Here is how I use Calendly in my job search:
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  • Each time I write or customize an email, I run it through Grammarly. It catches the times when I update a sentence to make it more applicable to a specific employer but forget to include enough of the right words to make an actual sentence. 
  • Each time I update my resume, I do one last Grammarly check to ensure I'm using the correct word and that it hangs together. I also remind Grammarly in that case that my statements are written correctly.
  • Each time I make a social media post, especially if I'm thinking and commenting as I write, to ensure that my final product is in actual human-readable sentences. 

Even this English major appreciates having Grammarly as a second set of eyes (or, in this case, AI) to polish my writing. 

Learn More

  • Teal
  • Calendly
  • Grammarly
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Learning About Yourself To Tell Your Story: Saboteurs

8/19/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Learning About Yourself

Whether you’re considering making a career change, are currently in the midst of a job transition, or want to be more effective in your role, increasing your self-knowledge is a great place to start. It's hard to figure out what kind of work will be the best fit for you if you're not clear on who you are, the life you want, and the role work plays in that equation.  

A Good Starting Point: Values and Strengths

In other articles here on The Layoff Lady, I’ve outlined ideas for exploring your values and discovering your strengths. Knowing more about what you truly value and what you are good at will help you think about the why, what, and how of the type of work you are driven to do. Reflecting on your findings will also help you have better conversations about your skillset and what motivates you personally and professionally.

A Solid Next Step: Discovering Your Saboteurs 

 It’s incredible how our strengths and values also show up when we are in challenging situations—often in good ways, but sometimes in more destructive ways. Learning about how you can get in your own way is a valuable strategy for making better decisions when you’re mid-crisis.

Enter Shirzad Chamine. He is a professor, professional coach, and the author of the best-selling book Positive Intelligence. He introduces strategies for how to be mindful of what we know (IQ) our overall emotional intelligence (EQ), and how to leverage our positive intelligence (abbreviated as  PQ). The end result is learning to be more effective and increase our overall.

Nine Ways We Self Sabotage

Here arer the nine saboteurs outlind in Positive Intelligence listed in alphabetical order along with my brief description of each:
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  1. Avoider: Nope. Not dealing with it. Hey—look over there!
  2. Controller: I’m scared and taking charge! I’m impatience and I will run over everyone else to fix this.
  3. Hyper-achiever: I will work day and night with no breaks to finish all the things by myself.
  4. Hyper-rational: I’m going to logic my way out of this no matter whose stupid feelings get hurt.
  5. Hyper-vigilant: I’m fighting any and all possible catastrophes non-stop. Sleep is for the weak.
  6. Pleaser: I’ll make these people like me even if I make myself sick doing it.
  7. Restless: That other thing looks cool. And that one. And that one. So many shiny things!
  8. Stickler: I’m going to get this all exactly right to the letter if it takes me all night and day.
  9. Victim: Fix my problems because I can’t (or won’t). I’ll be over her brooding and suffering.

Yikes. We're certanly not our best selves when we show up this way. Let's look at how you can identify your saboteurs and use that information to improve how you show up.

About The Assessment To Find Your Top Saboteurs 

Set aside time to take the 9 Ways We Self Sabatoge Assessment from Positive Intelligence. The assessment takes 5-10 minutes to complete. In addition, I suggest giving yourself 30-45 minutes to review your results and reflect. 

This assessment consists of 45 questions. Each question includes of a statement, and you'll rate your agreement with that statement on a 5-point scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The directions encourage you to answer each question relatively quickly and go with your initial response. 

The final 7 questions are about demographics and finding out where they will send your assessment results. 

Your Assessment Results

The results you receive include a ranking of your top sabateurs and your score for each. In addition, you will receive the following information about each of your saboteurs:
​
  • Basic Description
  • Characteristics
  • Thoughts
  • Feelings
  • Justification Lies
  • Impact On Self and Others
  • Original Survival Function

Reviewing Your Results

I find these types of assessments fascinating. As someone who is committed to ongoing professional development, I appreciate getting insights that might be hard for someone else to share. These insights are valuable, and also help me understand why I do what I’m doing as well as helping me to recognize those non-helpful patterns so I can adjust my approach going forward.

Not at all surprising to me, my top three saboteurs are as follows:

  1. Controller, 8.1
  2. Hyper-Achiever, 7.5
  3. Restless, 5.6

My Initial Reflections On My Results

Here were my initial thoughts as I saw my top three identified saboteurs: 
​
  • Controller: In other assessments, Bold and Driver have been my identified characteristics. I'm someone who tends to keep things to the point, hold people accountable, and help move projects forward. Consequently, under stress, that tendency to lead a project may become overly tight-fisted control. Not good.
​
  • Hyper-Achiever: Achiever is on my top CliftonStrengths, so it makes sense that I may have a tendency to overfocus on that strenght and work to personally achieve my way out of a situation. 
​
  • Restless: I'm always excited about learning new things, and my brain is always going a million miles an hour. On the flip side, this means I sometimes take on too many new things or even interrupt myself mid-flow to work on something else because of an idea I can not clearly articulate yet. ​

My Additional Reflections On My Results

Under Controller, here are a few statements resonated with me from the details included  within my report:
​
  • Characteristic: “Comes alive when doing the impossible and beating the odds.” Most definitely. I am SO the person who digs being able to solve the unsolvable problem. Never tell me the odds!
 
  • Thought: “If I work hard enough I can and should control the situation so it goes my way.” Whereas some people need to be motivated to do more to solve a problem, I needed to learn when to stop and either let someone else jump in or realize it might not be readily fixable. I appreciated the reminder.
 
  • Feeling: “Angry and intimidating when others don’t follow.” In my area of expertise, I get pushy and controlling when we’re up against the wire and something needs to get resolved. Earlier career, I never realized that my determination and confidence in getting something done was perceived as intimidating. However, after learning that a bunch of my daughter’s friends were scared to death of me when they were little, I realized I need to be mindful of how my determination comes off to others.  

Reflecting on Your Results

  • Which results resonated most with you? Why?
  • Which results were surprising to you?
  • Reflect on times you reacted in a way aligned with your results. How might you do that differently now?
  • What are ways that you can recognize a possible sabotuer and adjust to improve the impact of your reactions?

Learn More

  • Book: Positive Intelligence by Shirzad Chamine 
  • 9 Ways We Self Sabatoge Assessment from Positive Intelligence
  • The Layoff Lady: Learning  About Yourself To Tell Your Story – Values 
  • The Layoff Lady: Learning  About Yourself To Tell Your Story - Strengths 
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Five Resume Tips from a Frustrated Hiring Manager

8/5/2025

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by  Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Insights From An Unemployed Job Seeker

As someone who has been laid off a lot, I have applied for about three bijillion jobs throughout my career. I've become a resume nerd through this whole ordeal. I’m always learning about the best format, writing a punchy introduction, tailoring my resume to each position, and having the right level of detail on my LinkedIn profile. Which leads me to...

Insights From A Hiring Manager

On the other side, I’ve also been a hiring manager searching for new software trainers, learning and development specialists, instructional designers, technical support specialists, and technical writers. 

​As a hiring manager, believe it or not, I very much want you to be the perfect candidate for the position I have open. However, while searching for a new career opportunity is no picnic, being on the other side of hiring is also challenging.

​Unfortunately, many candidates who apply for a job are either not qualified or represent themselves poorly on a resume. Which brings me to my...

​Top Five Tips For A Strong Resume

  1. Start with a professional summary section.
    When I read resumes, it's helpful to have a professional summary section front and center. Use this to briefly explain who you are professionally and the top skills you bring to this role. This is the part you can tailor for each position (without spending much time rewriting your whole resume).
  2. Keep it to 1 or 2 pages.  
    I received one resume that was 17 pages long. It was for a qualified candidate with 20+ years of great experience. It also included details all the way back to high school. Prioritization and conciseness are the name of the game. If you cure cancer, put it on page 1 and ditch something else. Focus on your last 10-15 years of work experience, too. Being able to discern what is valuable and relevant is a critical skill. Including everything ever is not. 
  3. Don't get fancy.
    Many resume templates are available with graphics, charts, columns, that cram in a lot of information. ​First off, an ATS (Applicant Tracking System) will have a hard time parsing the information. Secondly, it's just busy and hard to consume. Instead, use the straightforward chronological resume format with lots of white space, one inch margins, a readable size font (no smaller than 10 pt) and include your name and contact information at the top of each page. Be sure to put your contact information as the first line of each page, not in the heading. In addition, when you list your dates, include the month and year for each  job in the MM/YYYY format, for example 01/2024. 
  4. Skip unnecessary details.
    Resume space is at a premium. Make sure to include only details that add value. Leave off a picture of yourself, cutesy graphics, your home address, education-related dates, and "references available upon request." This will help you use space efficiently, focus on your recent work experience, and not give people a reason out of the gate to make assumptions about your age.
  5. Format your resume and cover letter like you know how. 
    Candidates who tout their “attention to detail” and then make several amateur mistakes hurt my soul—as do people looking for a job requiring graphic design skills whose resume is formatted so poorly that I can’t pick out a job titles from company names. Use headings, bold important content (like job titles), and use bulleted points to organize your skills and accomplishments. Stick with, at most, two fonts and use them consistently. Doing this also makes your resume more skimmable.

A Secret About Hiring Managers

As a job candidate, it may often feel like you are at odds with hiring managers, and the companies trying to fill open positions. Want to know the truth? 

​As a hiring manager, I’m really hoping that you are the right candidate for the opening I have.

I’m trying like crazy to find just the right person who can do what I need done and who will enjoy working at my company. Each time I come across a resume that includes a great list of skills, but who makes one or more of the mistakes listed above, you're making it harder for me to sell your skills to my boss. Having your resume in a good place makes it easier for me to advocate for you as the right person to fill the available role. 

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Customizing Your Resume for Each Job Application
  • The Layoff Lady: Career Planning - Figuring Out What You Want To Be Next 
  • The Layoff Lady: Prioritizing Job Applications
  • ​The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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Let's Talk Money: Salary and Total Compensation

7/29/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Contract vs Benefits Eligible Roles

Knowing your ideal salary upfront helps you focus your job search on roles that meet your expectations — and avoid wasting time on ones that don’t.

​If you are looking at contract positions, the salary you will receive is the same as your base salary. Usually, you are paid a set amount for each hour worked with no additional benefits. Consequently, contract positions often have a higher hourly rate.

However, if you are in a benefits-eligible role, you will receive additional value above and beyond your base salary rate. Let's consider what may be included in your total compensation package. 

A Disclaimer

While I feel comfortable discussing various financial and insurance concepts, I do not currently hold a license or any certification that deems me inherently qualified to give financial advice. The information provided here is intended to be used for educational purposes only. 

Sometimes, the core challenge is knowing how a system generally works, the terms used to describe what you’re asking about, and where to go for additional help. My goal for this article is to share information to guide you as you navigate the murky waters of  job searching. I hope my personal experiences can help you cut a path through the wilderness as you try to figure out your next steps.

Feel free to take my recommendations or not. Whatever you do, double-check my facts--and everyone's purported facts, for that matter. This is your life, and you will care more about your financial and healthcare decisions than anyone else. Use this information as a starting point for further research as you ultimately decide what’s right for you.

 Your Work Income

First, let’s look at a high-level, generalized overview of the money you may receive:
​
  • Base salary: Money you will earn for showing up and meeting basic employer expectations for your job. This is typically paid on a bi-weekly or bi-monthly basis. This is usually what recruiters are asking for when they inquire about your "salary requirements."
  • Bonus:  Additional money you may (or may not) receive based on the performance of you individually, your team, and/or the organization as a whole. Bonus payment depends on the organization and may be paid quarterly, annually, or on another schedule.
  • Commission: Additional money you may earn, typically based on what and how much you sell. Commissions are often a percentage of what you have sold. ​How and when commission is paid to you depends on the organization and may be paid monthly, quarterly, or on another schedule.
  • Signing Bonus: Additional money you may receive for agreeing to work for a given company outside of your agreed-upon salary. This is usually a one-time payment paid out as an incentive to accept a job offer. You coudl receive that actual payment as soon as right after formally accepting a job offer or as late as after several months of employment. 

Employer Money For A Specific Purpose

​​In addition to receiving money in the form of a check or payment payable to you, you may also receive money from your employer that is earmarked for a specific purpose.

  • Retirement Account Contribution: Your employer may give you a matching contribution as a percentage of what you contribute to your retirement account (usually a company-sponsored 401(k) or 403(b) plan). Alternatively, you may receive a retirement contribution before you put any money in. This money is typically deposited into your retirement account and invested alongside your other retirement account money. 
  • A Post-Retirement Pension Payment: Upon retirement (and based upon requirements and guidelines set up by the employer), you may be promised a series of payments. The details of that pension will be set up on an employer-by-employer basis. (Pensions are not as common.)
  • Health Savings Account (HSA) Contribution: If your insurance is a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP), your employer may contribute money to your Health Savings Account. This may be a one-time contribution given right away when you start your job, a monthly amount, or money awarded at another interval. This account is specifically designated to be used for qualifying healthcare expenses.
  • Tuition Reimbursement or Educational Assistance: If you want to pursue a college degree, some organizations may assist with that cost. Depending on the organization, they could pay the cost upfront or reimburse you after you successfully complete a course.
  • Professional Development: Some organizations will pay for memberships in professional organizations, certifications, or additional job-specific training. Depending on the organization, they could pay the cost upfront or reimburse you after company-set conditions are met.
  • Offsetting Specific Costs: You may receive a payment or stipend to offset your costs for various expenses. Here are a few examples: gym membership, home office setup, internet access, cell phone access, uniforms, passport, mileage, lunch, parking, travel, rent, and student loan payments.  

Benefits, At Least Partially Employer Paid

In the United States, many people obtain different types of insurance through their workplace. Employer often pay administration costs of the plan and help cover some of the costs. Here are some of the typical benefits available:
​
  • Health Insurance: Employers may offer one or more health insurance plan options and usually cover administrative costs and part of the monthly premiums. Costs will vary widely. When reviewing benefit premium costs for recent jobs, I noticed that health insurance rates for my family of three ranged from $255.00 per month to $1,249.30 per month for the least expensive High Deductible Healthcare Plan options available.  H
  • Dental Insurance: Employers may offer one or more dental insurance plan options, usually covering administrative costs. They may also cover a portion of the monthly premiums.
  • Life Insurance: Employers may pay for a life insurance plan. The coverage may be a set amount, like $50,000, or a multiple of the employee’s annual salary. 
  • Long-Term Disability: Employers may offer disability insurance plans and usually cover administrative costs. They may also cover some or all of the monthly premiums.
  • Employee Assistance Program (EAP): Usually, employers include EAP access to give their employees access to counseling services as needed, referrals, basic budgeting help, and basic legal assistance as needed.
  • Flexible Spending Account Access: On a related note, employers may pay administrative fees so employees can have access to flexible spending accounts for healthcare, dependent care, or transportation. These are typically employee-funded accounts.  

Access To Purchase Additional Benefits

Many employers offer the option for employees to purchase additional benefits. These can include vision insurance, enhanced disability coverage, supplemental life insurance, spouse life insurance, child life insurance, accident insurance, condition-specific health insurance, a legal protection plan, or orthodontic benefits. 

Perks

Companies may also offer a variety of perks. These can include items you can purchase for a lower cost or resources you can take advantage of that you might otherwise pay for elsewhere. These could include an onsite gym, onsite daycare, free parking, entertainment discounts, stamps, bus passes, use of the company van, cell phone plan discounts, or reduced entry fees for area attractions.

​Perks can also be anything that makes work easier, more engaging, or more pleasant. These could include shift bidding, flexible work arrangements, remote work, work-from-home days, summer hours, four-day workweeks, onsite flu shots, overtime opportunities, or company events. 

Time Off

Employers also often pay you for specific hours when you do not work. Here are a few standard categorizations for different types of paid time off: paid time off (PTO), sick time, vacation time, paid holidays, floating holidays, volunteer time, bereavement leave, jury duty pay, or military leave.
​
Instead of having a specific number of paid days available for sick or vacation time, some companies have unlimited time off policies. In most cases, instead of earning and then choosing to use paid time off, you work with your manager whenever you want to take off. In general, as long as you are performing your job to an acceptable level, you can take time off.   

The Salary Question: Revisited

Keep in mind that when a recruiter asks for your salary range, it’s not just about base pay. Benefits, bonuses, and other perks can significantly impact your overall compensation package. This is also why I suggest that candidates provide a salary range rather than a fixed number. 

Learn More

  • SHRM: 2025 Employee Benefits Survey
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide​
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Managing Your Money: Layoff Survival Budget Sources of Income

7/22/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

Post-Layoff Challenges

When your “day job" ends, many things in your financial life change. For one, what is for many people their primary source of income, ends. This often prompts a quick shift to a short-term survival mindset that will last from the layoff event until the first paycheck from that new job arrives. 

After you think about your overall survival budget goals and managing expenses, think about your sources of income during your career transition.

Disclaimer: (You know there has to be one of these now that we're talking about topics like personal finances and health insurance.)

While I know quite a bit based on my previous work experience supporting financial coaches, my own research, and my personal life experiences, I do not currently hold a license or certification to give financial advice. Therefore, the information provided here is educational information provided as guidance.

​I hope you can glean value from my lessons learned. Feel free to take my recommendations or not—but whatever you do, double-check my facts (and everyone's facts, for that matter). This is your life, and you will care more about your finances and health care than anyone else. With that, read on. 

Income While Working

When you’re gainfully employed, usually a couple of times per month, you receive your paycheck. Your taxes are deducted according to what you set up.  You also typically have deductions for health care costs, company-sponsored insurance benefits (life insurance, disability insurance), and company-sponsored savings (Flexible Spending Accounts, Healthcare Savings Accounts, retirement contributions). Once that company no longer employs you, your income changes significantly.

Possible Money From Your Employer After Layoff

While you won’t have the income from your job on a go-forward basis, you may have one or more of these types of money coming from that employer after your position ends.

Your Last Paycheck

​You will receive a payment for any hours worked for which you still need to be paid. Typically, this check will not include deductions for health insurance or any other benefits since you no longer participate in those programs. In addition, taxes will be withheld from this payment.

Remaining Paid Time Off (PTO) or Vacation

Depending on multiple factors, you may be paid for any PTO you had accrued but had not yet taken. For example, if the company you worked for had “Unlimited” paid time off, you will not receive any vacation payout since there was no tie between accruing and taking time off.

In addition, some companies have written into their company policies that they do not pay out vacation time after an employee no longer works there. However, some states require vacation payouts from previous employers. (I know this because Nebraska, my current state of residence, is one of those states.) Know that getting a payout is not guaranteed, but this is definitely something you should investigate to see if you are eligible.

A Severance Package

A severance package may be a component of your layoff. Severance could include a lump sum, continuation of insurance for a period of time, and/or support services to help you transition to a new position outside of that organization. In many cases, companies do not have to provide any sort of severance. If they offer severance, it is often to help minimize the likelihood of former employees taking legal action after a layoff. It is also a way that companies help their employees financially during that difficult transition time. 
​
If you do receive a severance payment, the amount can vary wildly. It could be between a fat lot of nothing, to the equivalent of a paycheck, to 1-2 weeks of pay for each year you were with the organization, to a larger check equaling months of income. It depends on the organization, their financial position, how they want to be perceived by the media during the layoff, or any other factors. If you receive a severance payment, realize that it may be less money than you anticipated because of withholding taxes.

If you are offered a severance package, realize you must sign something before receiving a payment, benefits, or any other services promised. Once you sign, any thoughts you might have about legal action regarding your employment with the organization are pretty much over. Read the agreement given to you, consider having a lawyer look it over, and ask for clarifications (and any revisions) before signing it. After that, there is typically a waiting period before you receive that money. This is big-time adulting here, so enlist help as needed. 

Unemployment Insurance (UI) Benefits

While your regularly scheduled income from your previous employer ends, in most cases, with a layoff, you will be eligible for unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. In short, apply for UI benefits. Remember--the money that pays unemployment benefits comes from taxes employers (and in a few states, employees) are required to pay for this specific purpose.

You're not abusing the system when you take advantage of unemployment benefits. You're using a valuable benefit that is set up specifically to help people through what can be a rough transition.

UI Basics

Here are a few key details about UI payments:​​
  • You can only collect UI benefits from one state at any given time.
  • The amount of your UI benefits payment varies by state and factors in your previous income while working.
  • You may be able to decide whether or not to set up deductions from your UI benefits payment. However, come tax time, unemployment income is taxable.
  • You complete an online application for UI benefits to determine eligibility and payment amount.
  • Payments are issued weekly.
  • You apply for each payment weekly, usually online or via phone.
  • There is typically a waiting period before you will receive your first payment.
  • Payments typically last for as long as 26 weeks, with some variation by state.
  • You stop being eligible to receive unemployment payments until you are past your maximum benefit period or have a new job, whichever comes first.
  • Doing paid work while receiving UI benefits may impact the amount of one or more payments.
Each state handles Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits.

Additional Factors That Impact UI Benefits Payments

​You may also be eligible for job search support services and even programs to help you upgrade your skills. In many states, you must complete outlined “reemployment activities” to stay eligible to receive unemployment payments. For example, some states may require you to apply for a given number of jobs each week, or attend classes, or confirm you did not turn down a suitable job offer.

Also know that if you will be receiving a severance payment, it will impact when you are eligible to start receiving unemployment payments. When you apply for unemployment, you will be asked to specify any payments you still expect to receive from your previous employer. Typically, if you are receiving severance that is intended to cover a set period of time, you will also not be eligible for unemployment payments during that time. Personally, I had periods when I was in a career transition where I never received an unemployment payment because I started a new job before the number of weeks specified for my severance ran out. Again, if you’re unsure on details, make that phone call to ask for clarification.    

Interim Paid Work

Depending on your situation, you may need to find interim work while looking for a more permanent role. For example, if the amount you receive from UI benefits needs to be increased to pay your core bills, you may need to take a job to make ends meet. This could be anything from contract work in your chosen field (that may pay pretty close to your previous full-time job) to a supplemental job that you do for a little extra income. If you have a partner, it may be a case where they take on additional paid work or help more with expenses while you are in career transition. 

Other Options

There are multiple ways to pay for your life, varying from good to decidedly bad ideas. You could do anything from using your savings, to selling unused items, to using credit cards, to acquiring additional debt, to using your home equity, to taking money out of your HSA account (and paying taxes on what you removed), to starting a Go Fund Me page, to donating plasma, or even tapping into retirement accounts (and paying a steep penalty). Be sure to consider the short and long-term implications of any of those decisions before choosing your course of action.

Learn More

  • Clockify: United States PTO (Paid Time Off) Payout Laws By State 
  • US Department of Labor: Severance Pay 
  • SHRM: Why Employers Offer Severance Packages 
  • Career OneStop: Links to Unemployment Sites for Each US State
  • The Layoff Lady's Ultimate Guide To Answering The Question, "I Just Got Laid Off--Now What Do I Do?"​
  • The Layoff Lady Book: Seven Lessons From Seven Layoffs: A Guide
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Managing Your Professional References

7/15/2025

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By Brenda L. Peterson, The Layoff Lady

About References

When you’re getting ready to apply for jobs, at some point, those companies will ask for professional references. Some organizations will ask for references during the initial application. Other employers will ask as they approach the final stages of their interview process.  Let's look at how you can select and communicate well with these people who you want to vouch for you and your skills.

About Professional References

Your professional references will speak well of you and help potential employers see your value. While personal references are generally people who can vouch for your character, professional references can share their experience with you in a work-related capacity.  Typically, you'll need the names and contact information for three people who can share their experiences with you.

Selecting Your References

When selecting your professional references, here are a few ideas on who you may want to use:
  • Previous managers
  • Coworkers
  • Direct reports
  • Contacts from professional organizations
  • People with whom you've volunteered
  • Someone who is referring you for a role

Overall, it's helpful to find people who have worked for you doing relevant work (paid or volunteer) and who can attest to your skills. Here are a few of the people I have used a reference in the past:
  • A recent manager when I was in an individual contributor role.
  • A director who was not my immediate manager but who I collaborate with on projects
  • A colleague who I worked alongside when we each led different teams
  • A project manager who managed a team I was on
  • One of my direct reports
  • Someone who I interacted with while I volunteered for a professional development organization
  • Someone who was also a contractor for the same company I worked for
  • A parent who also volunteered to chaperone a school event  

Which References To Use

When I apply for jobs, I have two references I use consistently.
  • One is a colleague I've worked with at three different companies. I have worked with him for over ten years. I first had him as a trainee in a class, then we both worked at another company in different departments, then he was my direct report at another company.  He is one of my go-to references because he has seen me work in several roles, can comment on me as a leader, and has first-hand experience with my instructional design skills. 
  • One is a recent manager of mine.  I worked with her on a small team in a large organization. She can also attest to my skills as a learning consultant and in a technical role while commenting on how I work on project teams and meet deadlines. Having at least one former manager as a reference is essential. 

Depending on the role for which I am applying, I will choose which other reference might be the most helpful: 
  • For a role focused on finance, I might include a former colleague of mine who was a  retirement coach.  He and I have collaborated on projects, created financial education materials, and fine-tuned a process for coaching individuals on retirement planning concepts. 
  • For a role with a healthcare company with an opening for a technical trainer, I might include a former colleague of mine who used to work on the same team as me. Since she and I had worked together to co-facilitate classes, she could speak to the specific skills I would bring to the role. She could also refer me for that role as well. 
  • For a role focusing on career coaching and resume development, I might include a board member for a professional organization where I put together and regularly deliver content on career development. 

Overall, make sure that your references can speak to your skills as they might pertain to the specific job. 

Information To Include

Make sure to collect the following details on your potential references so you are ready to share it with possible employers:
  • First and last name
  • Current company and job title
  • LinkedIn profile (if available)
  • Phone number
  • Email address
  • Background information on your relationship

Asking People To Be Your Reference

Before you start giving out people's contact information, be sure to confirm they are okay with being your reference. I suggest doing this before a specific job asks for references. I usually send them a message via email, LinkedIn, or text that reads something like this:
---------------
Hi, [first name].  I'm launching my job search, and I'm wondering if you'd be willing to be one of my professional references. If so, please share the following contact information details with me:
  • Current company and job title
  • Preferred phone number
  • Preferred email address

Thanks for your help!
​​--------------

The Heads Up Message

After you have their initial permission to give out their name as a reference, be sure to also inform them if they should expect someone to reach out to them. In addition to letting them know who may contact them and the type of position, it's also good to share a reminder of your previous work relationship so they aren't scrambling. Here is an example of that type of message.
​---------------
Hi, [first name]. Thanks for being willing to be my reference!

I recently applied for a [job title] position with [company name]. I am in the final stages of their interview process, and they may contact you via phone or email.

As a reminder, you and I worked together at [company] from [date range] when I was a [my job title] and you were the [their job title].  

Thanks again!
​​---------------

Learn More

  • The Layoff Lady: Customizing Your Resume for Each Job Application 
  • The Layoff Lady: Prioritizing Job Applications​​
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